Table 2.
Observational studies regarding CV event rates (2012–2018)
| Population | Primary comparator | Exposure window | Primary outcome(s) | Main results | Total/ CV Deaths with Rx | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medicaid | Amoxicillin | 0–5 and 6–10 days after dispensing | CV death |
CV death: HR 2.49 (95% CI: 1.38, 4.50) CV death: RD 47 (95% CI: NR) deaths per Mn Rx CV death among high baseline CV risk: RD 245 (95% CI: 63, 576) deaths per Mn Rx |
|
3 |
| Danish general population | Penicillin V | 0–5 days after dispensing | CV death |
CV death: RR 0.93 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.55) CV death among those with prior CV disease: RR 1.35 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.64) |
|
32 |
| US veterans (Veteran Affairs database) |
Amoxicillin |
0–5 and 6–10 days after dispensing |
All‐cause death Serious arrhythmia |
All‐cause death: HR 1.48 (95% CI: 1.05, 2.09) Serious arrhythmia: HR 1.77 (95% CI: 1.20, 2.62) |
|
33 |
| US veterans (Veteran Affairs database), hospitalized with pneumonia | Guideline concordant antibiotics | 30 and 90 days after dispensing |
30‐day mortality 90‐day mortality 90‐day MI 90‐day arrhythmia 90‐day cardiac event |
30‐day mortality: OR 0.77 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.81) 90‐day mortality: OR 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.76) 90‐day MI: OR 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.25) 90‐day arrhythmia: OR 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95, 1.02) 90‐day cardiac event: OR 1.01 (95% CI: 0.98, 1.05) |
|
20 |
| Taiwanese National Health Insurance Database | Amoxicillin‐clavulanate | 7 days after dispensing |
CV death Vent arrhy |
OR 2.62 (95% CI: 1.69, 4.06) OR 4.32 (95% CI: 2.95, 6.33) |
34 | |
| 7 EU general populations | Amoxicillin | 7 days after dispensing | Ventricular arrhythmia | OR 0.90 (95% CI 0.48–1.71) |
|
35 |
| Medicare | Amoxicillin‐clavulanate | 7 days after dispensing |
Death MI Vent arrhy Atria fib or flutter |
OR 0.74 (95% CI 0.65–0.85) OR 1.10 (95% CI 0.91–1.33) OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.92–1.40) OR 1.24 (95% CI 1.11–1.38) |
|
21 |
Abx, antibiotic; Amox‐Clav, amoxicillin‐clavulanate; CI, confidence interval; ctrl, control; CV, cardiovascular; EU, European Union; fib, fibrillation; HR, hazard ratio; MI, myocardial infarction; Mn, million; NR, not reported; OR, odds ratio; RD, risk difference; RR, relative risk; Rx, prescription; Vent arrhy, ventricular arrhythmia.