Table 1.

Pharmacology of selected COVID-19 treatments under investigation. Resources: () FDA, WHO, Clinical trials.gov.

Drugs	Mechanism of action
Anti-inflammatory therapies for COVID-19 infection
Actemra	IL-6 inhibitor
Lenzilumab	anti-GM-CSF
CD24Fc	IL-6 inhibitor
Colchicine	Tubulin disruption
Kevzara	IL-6 inhibitor
Leronlimab	CCR5 antagonist
Aviptadil	IL-6 inhibitor
SNG001	IFN-β-1α
Gilenya	sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator
Mesenchymal stem cells	Tissue regeneration
Gimsilumab	Anti-GM-CSF
Sylvant	IL-6 inhibitor
Anti-viral therapies for COVID-19 infection
Remdesivir	Adenosine analog
Kaletra	HIV protease inhibitor
Arbidol	Broad-spectrum antiviral
Chloroquine/ Hydroxychloroquine	ACE-2 inhibitor
Avigan	RNA polymerase inhibitor
Pneumonia therapies for COVID-19 infection
Ganovo-Ritonavir	Hepatitis C/HIV protease inhibitors
Prezcobix	HIV-1 protease inhibitor + CYP3A inhibitor + CYP3A inhibitor
Avastin	VEGF inhibitor
Airuika	PD-1 inhibitor
Plasma therapies for COVID-19 infection
Plasmapheresis	Antibodies from recovered patients
Therapies for organ failure with COVID-19 infection
Losartan	AT1R inhibitor
Vaccines under investigation for COVID-19 infection
mRNA-1273	S-protein mRNA vaccine
Ad5-nCoV	Non-replicating viral vector
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19	Non-replicating viral vector
LV-SMENP-DC	Lentiviral
BCG Vaccine	Live attenuated Virus