Table 1.
Depression scores before and during school closure due to the COVID‐19 pandemic among students in Shanghai
| Before school closure | During school closure | Mean differences | P‐value † | P for interaction ‡ | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 2427) | 4.19 (2.82) | 3.90 (2.56) | −0.29 | <0.01 | |
| Sex | 0.21 | ||||
| Male (n = 1242) | 4.03 (2.63) | 3.83 (2.57) | −0.20 | <0.01 | |
| Female (n = 1185) | 4.37 (3.00) | 3.98 (2.55) | −0.39 | <0.01 | |
| School grade | 0.09 | ||||
| Primary school (n = 875) | 3.89 (2.28) | 3.77 (2.07) | −0.12 | 0.13 | |
| Grade 1 (n = 207) | 3.43 (1.75) | 3.53 (1.82) | 0.11 | 0.44 | |
| Grade 2 (n = 198) | 3.63 (1.77) | 3.62 (1.84) | −0.01 | 0.95 | |
| Grade 3 (n = 165) | 4.08 (2.36) | 3.77 (1.82) | −0.32 | 0.10 | |
| Grade 4 (n = 171) | 4.25 (2.70) | 4.13 (2.56) | −0.11 | 0.57 | |
| Grade 5 (n = 134) | 4.31 (2.79) | 3.90 (2.26) | −0.41 | 0.08 | |
| Middle school (n = 1549) | 4.36 (3.06) | 3.97 (2.78) | −0.39 | <0.01 | |
| Grade 6 (n = 558) | 4.05 (2.79) | 3.82 (2.72) | −0.23 | 0.07 | |
| Grade 7 (n = 417) | 4.44 (3.02) | 4.06 (2.66) | −0.38 | <0.01 | |
| Grade 8 (n = 344) | 4.56 (3.28) | 3.92 (2.86) | −0.65 | <0.01 | |
| Grade 9 (n = 230) | 4.66 (3.37) | 4.22 (3.01) | −0.43 | 0.02 | |
| Annual household income (CNY) | 0.19 | ||||
| <100 000 (n = 277) | 5.12 (3.50) | 4.68 (3.33) | −0.44 | 0.02 | |
| 100 000–200 000 (n = 677) | 4.23 (2.76) | 3.92 (2.56) | −0.31 | <0.01 | |
| >200 000–400 000 (n = 767) | 3.93 (2.65) | 3.78 (2.43) | −0.15 | 0.09 | |
| >400 000 (n = 367) | 3.92 (2.52) | 3.82 (2.40) | −0.10 | 0.49 |
Data are presented as mean (SD).
CDI‐S, Children's Depression Inventory – Short Form; CNY, Chinese Yuan.
†
Calculated using paired t‐test.
‡
Calculated using within‐subjects analysis of variance by the interaction effect of Time × Subgroup (sex, school levels [primary or middle school], or annual household income levels [<100 000, 100 000–200 000, >200 000–400 000, or >400,000 CNY]).