Table 2.

Summary of primary and secondary outcome measures

	Measures or questionnaires
Primary outcomes
Haemoglobin A1c levels (HbA1c)	HbA1c will measure the average blood glucose (sugar) levels over the past 2–3 months
Thai Cardiovascular risk score	Estimates the risk of dying from any cardiovascular disease over 10 years based on age, gender, smoking habits, total cholesterol and systolic blood pressure.
Secondary outcomes
Biological and physical measures	Body weight, body mass index; blood lipids (total, LDL-C HDL, triglycerides), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose
Quality of life	WHOQOL-BREF. A 26-item questionnaire developed by WHO to assess quality of life in adults29
	The European Quality of life questionnaire (EuroQol EQ-5D 5L).26 EQ-5D is a quality of life measure that includes five quality of life questions on mobility, self-care, usual activity, pain, anxiety/depression and a scale of 0–100 on how the person is feeling on that day.
Depression	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).30 HADS measures depression and anxiety that will address psychological change with a scale from 0 to 3.
Stress	Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSS).31 PSS is a psychological instrument for measuring the perception of stress. Ten items with a scale from 1 to 4.
Physical activity	International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).32 Short form IPAQ is an assessment of physical activity comprising of seven questions. There are two forms of output from scoring the IPAQ. Results can be reported in categories (low activity levels, moderate activity levels or high activity levels) or as a continuous variable (MET-minutes a week). MET-minutes represent the amount of energy expended carrying out physical activity.
Diabetes knowledge and skills	Brief diabetes Illness Perception Questionnaire (B-IPQ).33 B-IPQ has nine components of which the first five questions assess the cognitive representation of illness perception, two of the questions assess the emotional representation, one item assesses comprehensibility and one item on the root cause of the illness
	Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DMSES).34 DMSES is one of the most widely used scale in measuring self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes management. The Thai-DMSES has 20 questions which has been demonstrated to have good psychometric properties35
	Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities questionnaire (SDSCA).36 SDSCA is a diabetes self-care activities questionnaire focusing on general diet, diabetes-specific diet, physical activity, blood-glucose testing, foot care and smoking.
Satisfaction with intervention	Chronic Illness Resources Survey (CIRS).37 CIRS is a questionnaire to represent patient’s received support. Individual’s support for behavioural-specific disease management is assessed: proximal support, for example, friend and family and distal factor for example, neighbourhood or community.
	Modified Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale (MISS-21).38 MISS-21 is a questionnaire to measure patient satisfaction with patient and healthcare professional communication/consultation.