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a) Ni deposition at −1.23 V for the indicated deposition times in electrolyte containing 15 μmol/L PEI. b) Simulations for the same deposition times and conditions, other parameters from Table I. Isocontours of suppressor concentration, scaled by the bulk concentration, and metal ion concentration are overlaid on the unfilled volume of the TSV on the left and right sides, respectively, of each simulation. Scale bars are shown on the corresponding sides of the figure.
