Fig. 9.

Road density (1600–1766) and its variations. Panel a shows the weighted road density circa 1600; panel b shows the same magnitude in 1766; and panel c depicts the difference between 1600 and 1766. Weighted road density takes into account the number of roads and their category in 50 km around every point. Main roads are weighed double than ordinary roads, secondary roads are weighed 1.5 times ordinary roads. Map by the authors based on Andree (1597), Quad and Eichovio (1604), and de Mayerne (1605) and Brion de la Tour and Desnos (1766)