Figure 1. Process for simulating admixed individuals and estimating ancestries.

(1) From non-admixed populations from 1000G we randomly select 10% of all individuals to use as founders for admixture simulation. The rest are used as reference panels for ancestry estimation. (2) We generate admixed individuals that are chromosomal mosaics of the founder group using the admixture simulation tool created by the authors of RFMix (Maples et al., 2013). (3) Using the remaining 1000G populations as reference panels, we estimate ancestries on the simulated population for all five software tools and compare estimation accuracy.