Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients.
| Characteristics | All patients | Disease severity | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common | Severe | Critical | |||
| Number | 95 | 54 (56.8%) | 27 (28.4%) | 14 (14.7%) | — |
| Age, yrs | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 57.3 ± 14.7 | 51.7 ± 14.1 | 63.7 ± 12.5 | 66.4 ± 11.2 | ＜0.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 60 (48.0–67.0) | 52.0 (41.5–64.0) | 65.0 (52.0–73.0) | 66.5 (59.0–76.0) | — |
| Age groups, n (%) | ＜0.001 | ||||
| 18–40 yrs | 15 (15.8) | 13 (24.1) | 2 (7.4) | 0 (0) | — |
| 41–65 yrs | 52 (54.7) | 33 (61.1) | 12 (44.4) | 7 (50.0) | — |
| ≥66 yrs | 28 (29.5) | 8 (14.8) | 13 (48.1) | 7 (50.0) | — |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 53 (55.8) | 22 (40.7) | 20 (74.1) | 11 (78.6) | 0.003 |
| Female | 42 (44.2) | 32 (59.3) | 7 (25.9) | 3 (21.4) | — |
| Medical staffs and their families, n (%) | 4 (4.2) | 2 (3.7) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0.839 |
| Exposure history, n (%) | 33 (34.7) | 16 (29.6) | 12 (44.4) | 5 (35.7) | 0.417 |
| Exposure to Huanan seafood market | 6 (6.3) | 2 (3.7) | 3 (11.1) | 1 (7.1) | 0.430 |
| Exposure to agricultural market | 27 (28.4) | 14 (25.9) | 9 (33.3) | 4 (28.6) | 0.784 |
| Infection clusters, n (%) | 38 (40.0) | 23 (42.6) | 13 (48.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0.093 |
| Contacts with suspected or confirmed patients, n (%) | 58 (61.1) | 34 (63.0) | 16 (59.3) | 8 (57.1) | 0.901 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |||||
| Hypertension | 33 (34.7) | 14 (25.9) | 14 (51.9) | 5 (35.7) | 0.069 |
| Diabetes | 8 (8.4) | 2 (3.7) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0.164 |
| Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases | 13 (13.7) | 3 (5.6) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (28.6) | 0.026 |
| Symptoms and signs, n (%) | |||||
| Fever | 86 (90.5) | 48 (88.9) | 25 (92.6) | 13 (92.9) | 0.822 |
| Maximum temperature, °C | — | — | — | — | 0.294 |
| <37.3 | 9 (9.5) | 6 (11.1) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (7.1) | — |
| 37.3–38.0 | 18 (18.9) | 13 (24.1) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (14.3) | — |
| 38.1–39.0 | 49 (51.6) | 29 (53.7) | 13 (48.1) | 7 (50.0) | — |
| >39.0 | 19 (20.0) | 6 (11.1) | 9 (33.3) | 4 (28.6) | — |
| Cough | 73 (76.8) | 41 (75.9) | 19 (70.4) | 13 (92.9) | 0.262 |
| Fatigue | 50 (52.6) | 23 (42.6) | 17 (63.0) | 10 (71.4) | 0.070 |
| Shortness of breath | 44 (46.3) | 16 (29.6) | 16 (59.3) | 12 (85.7) | ＜0.001 |
| Chest tightness | 41 (43.2) | 19 (35.2) | 17 (63.0) | 5 (35.7) | 0.049 |
| Dyspnea | 32 (33.7) | 14 (25.9) | 11 (40.7) | 7 (50.0) | 0.155 |
| Chill | 24 (25.3) | 13 (24.1) | 7 (25.9) | 4 (28.6) | 0.938 |
| Myalgia | 22 (23.2) | 10 (18.5) | 11 (40.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0.025 |
| Diarrhea | 21 (22.1) | 15 (27.8) | 3 (11.1) | 3 (21.4) | 0.234 |
| Anorexia | 17 (17.9) | 10 (18.5) | 5 (18.5) | 2 (14.3) | 0.930 |
| Pharyngalgia | 17 (17.9) | 12 (22.2) | 3 (11.1) | 2 (14.3) | 0.436 |
| Expectoration | 17 (17.9) | 9 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) | 5 (35.7) | 0.140 |
| Headache | 16 (16.8) | 8 (14.8) | 7 (25.9) | 1 (7.1) | 0.261 |
| Nausea | 16 (16.8) | 10 (18.5) | 4 (14.8) | 2 (14.3) | 0.881 |
| Joint pain | 15 (15.8) | 8 (14.8) | 6 (22.2) | 1 (7.1) | 0.435 |
| Chest pain | 11 (11.6) | 4 (7.4) | 5 (18.5) | 2 (14.3) | 0.319 |
| Nasal obstruction | 9 (9.5) | 5 (9.3) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (14.3) | 0.773 |
| Rhinorrhea | 6 (6.3) | 3 (5.6) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (7.1) | 0.940 |
| Vomiting | 7 (7.4) | 4 (7.4) | 3 (11.1) | 0 (0) | 0.434 |
| Conjunctival congestion | 2 (2.1) | 2 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.460 |
| Stomach ache | 2 (2.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3.7) | 1 (7.1) | 0.200 |
| Isolation, n (%) | 85 (89.5) | 49 (90.7) | 24 (88.9) | 12 (85.7) | 0.856 |
| Days from onset to first visit | 2.0 (0–7.0) | 2.0 (0–5.8) | 4.5 (1.0–7.3) | 2.0 (0–6.0) | 0.303 |
| Days from onset to diagnosis | 8.0 (3.5–12.0) | 7.0 (3.0–12.0) | 8.5 (4.0–12.3) | 9.0 (5.8–13.3) | 0.564 |
| Days from first visit to diagnosis | 4.0 (0–8.0) | 3.0 (0–8.0) | 2.5 (0–6.5) | 6.0 (0.5–9.5) | 0.558 |
| Days from onset to isolation | 1.0 (0–5.0) | 1.0 (0–4.5) | 2.0 (0–6.0) | 0 (0–2.0) | 0.222 |
| Days from onset to hospitalization | 11 (7–13) | 10 (6–12) | 11 (7–15) | 11 (6.0–13.5) | 0.350 |
Data are presented as n (%), mean ± standard deviation (SD), or medians (interquartile ranges, IQR).