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. 2020 Sep 22;8:586510. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.586510

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Copyright © 2020 Zhou and Dimitriadis.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic of samples that can be collected non-invasively during in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. Characterization of the seminal exosome and sperm microRNA (miR) profiles could determine sperm quality to predict the potential of embryo development and IVF outcome. Analysis of miR expression in follicular fluid and cumulus cells may indicate oocyte and embryo quality, and implantation potential from an embryo’s perspective. miR profiles in BCM also likely reflect embryo quality that may not be distinguished by morphology-based assessment. Endometrial cells release miRs in the blood and the expression levels of at least some endometrial miRs are reflected in the blood. Assessment of circulating miRs in the blood may predict endometrial receptivity and implantation outcome. Uterine fluid miR levels reflect “local” endometrial miR secretion and can be collected without compromising embryo transfer to provide information on endometrial receptivity. These samples are outlined. BCM, blastocyst culture medium.