Table 2.
Correlations among Variables
| Pretreatment Measures | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Rapid Sound Naming | 1.00 | |||||||||||
| 2. Rapid Letter Naming | .42** | 1.00 | ||||||||||
| 3. Phonemic Decoding Efficiency | .34** | .27** | 1.00 | |||||||||
| 4. Word Attack | .31** | .18** | .67** | 1.00 | ||||||||
| 5. Vocabulary | .18** | .13* | .21** | .15* | 1.00 | |||||||
| 6. Listening Comprehension | .19** | .13* | .21** | .17** | .53** | 1.00 | ||||||
| 7. Passage Comprehension | .15* | .22** | .31** | .33** | .15* | .25** | 1.00 | |||||
| 8. Non-verbal Reasoning | 0 | .07 | .16** | .25** | .13* | .31** | .28** | 1.00 | ||||
| 9. Listening Recall | .23** | .18** | .25** | .31** | .30** | .37** | .31** | .27** | 1.00 | |||
| 10. TOWRE sight word pretreatment | .30** | .39** | .34** | .34** | .14* | .21** | .63** | .23** | .16** | 1.00 | ||
| 11. TOWRE sight word posttreatment | .27** | .26** | .23** | .28** | .03 | .16** | .46** | .21** | .17** | .47** | 1.00 | |
| 12. TOWRE sight word follow-up | .22** | .24** | .24** | .22** | .02 | .09 | .31** | .14* | 0.11 | .34** | .81** | 1.00 |
Note:
p < .05
p < .001.
Rapid Sound Naming: Rapid Sound Naming Test (D. Fuchs et al., 2001). Rapid Letter Naming: Rapid Letter Naming Test (D. Fuchs et al., 2001). Phonemic Decoding Efficiency: TOWRE-Phonemic Decoding Efficiency (Torgesen et al., 1999). Word Attack: WMRT-R-Word Attack (Woodcock, 1998). Vocabulary: WASI-Vocabulary (Wechsler, 1999). Listening Comprehension: WJ 3-Oral Comprehension Subtest (Woodcock, 2001). Passage Comprehension: WRMT-R-Passage Comprehension Subtest (Woodcock, 1998). Non-verbal Reasoning: WASI-Matrix Reasoning Subtest (Wechsler, 1999). Listening Recall: WMTB-Listening Recall (Pickering & Gathercole, 2001). TOWRE Sight Word Efficiency pretreatment, posttreatment, and follow-up scores at the beginning of 1st grade, end of 1st grade, and end of 2nd grade, respectively.