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. 2020 Oct 6;5:224. doi: 10.1038/s41392-020-00338-w

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Pre-existing cross-reactive T-cell immunity could impact COVID-19 disease severity. Mateus et al. show the presence of pre-existing T-cell immunity in pre-pandemic donors (donor a–d), induced by one or multiple of the seasonal HCoVs (left part of figure). It is still unclear how pre-existing immunity impacts disease severity (or outcome) after SARS-CoV-2 exposure (right part of the figure). Different pre-exposure history could lead to different cross-reactive T-cell responses and different disease severity