Table 3.

Illustration that PEEP can be applied and individualized. Experiment set-up is illustrated in supplemental Fig. 3. The in-line PEEP in the expiratory tract of circuit A was the variable in this experiment, the Vent ePEEP represents the asked PEEP from the ventilator. PEEPex is the theoretical ePEEP from the ventilator and in-line PEEP. PEEPtot is the measured PEEP in circuit A. PEEPint is the calculated intrinsic PEEP. All values are cmH₂O unless specified otherwise.

Setting 1
Vent ePEEP	5	5	8	0
in-line PEEP (circuit A)	No	Yes	No	Yes
Circuit A
PEEPex	5	12.5	8	7.5
PEEPtot	6.8	13.6	8.2	9.5
PEEPint	1.8	1.1	0.2	2
Volume (mL)	490	250	480	370
Circuit B
PEEPex	5	5	8	0
PEEPtot	5.4	6.8	8.1	2.7
PEEPint	0.4	1.8	0.1	2.7
Volume (mL)	490	490	460	510
Setting 5
Vent ePEEP	15	15	8	0
in-line PEEP (circuit A)	No	Yes	No	Yes
Circuit A
PEEPex	15	22.5	8	22.5
PEEPtot	12	18	10	10
PEEPint	− 3	− 4.5	2	− 12.5
Volume (mL)	160	120	300	200
Circuit B
PEEPex	15	15	8	0
PEEPtot	12.2	12.2	8.1	2.7
PEEPint	− 2.8	− 2.8	0.1	2.7
Volume (mL)	190	190	280	280