Table 2.

Distribution of Workplace Bullying Incident Characteristics

	n(%) 684(100.0)
Type of bullying*  Verbal  Physical  Sexual	671(98.1) 81(11.8) 40(5.8)
Perpetrator of incidents  Patient  Relatives of patients (visitors)  Manager or supervisor  Employees	247(36.1) 202(29.5) 49(7.2) 186(27.2)
Time of incident  Day shift  Evening shift  Night shift	549(80.3) 46(6.7) 89(13.0)
Area of incident  Patient room  Treatment room/Clinic  Working station/office  Nonclinical areas	142(20.9) 157(23.0) 360(52.6) 24(3.5)
Reaction to workplace bullying*  Told friends/family  Reported to senior staff member  Told the person to stop  Told a colleague  Tried to defend self physically  Completed incident or accident form  Sought counseling  Transferred to another position  No action, pretended it never happened	331(48.4) 197(28.8) 183(26.8) 180(26.3) 124(18.1) 76(11.1) 55(8.0) 46(6.7) 71(6.6)
Causes of workplace bullying*  Misunderstanding  Lack of discipline to hold people accountable about their behavior  Concern of patients  Communication or Language barriers  Lack of explicit rights or procedure  Illness  Personal problem of coworker  Scapegoat for medical dispute  Poor training on WPB  Fault of oneself  Drinking problem	527(77.0) 398(58.2) 279(40.8) 267(39.0) 118(17.3) 106(15.5) 96(14.0) 26(3.8) 24(3.5) 23(3.4) 15(2.2)
Consequences to the perpetrator  None  Verbal warning issued  Written warning  Care discontinued  Counseling  Reported to police (prosecution)  Do not know	160(23.4) 230(33.6) 83(12.1) 58(8.5) 10(1.5) 9(1.3) 134(19.6)

Note: *Non-mutually exclusive.

Abbreviations: n, frequency; %, percentage.