Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
| Baseline Characteristics | AD (N=29) | Controls (N=29) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eyes studied, n | 54 | 57 | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 75.61 ± 6.24 | 75.80 ± 6.32 | 0.089 |
| Female sex, n (%) | 20 (68.97) | 20 (68.97) | 1.000 |
| Education | 1.000 | ||
| Elementary level, n (%) | 9 (31.03) | 9 (31.03) | |
| Short secondary level, n (%) | 3 (10.34) | 3 (10.34) | |
| Higher level, n (%) | 17 (58.62) | 17 (58.62) | |
| BCVA, log MAR (median, IQR) | 0.28 (0.1, 0.4) | 0.17 (0.0, 0.3) | 0.008 |
| IOP, mmHg (mean ± SD) | 12.02 ± 2.51 | 11.84 ± 3.06 | 0.844 |
| MoCA, score (mean ± SD) | 14.52 ± 6.21 | 26.62 ± 1.18 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 18 (62.07) | 18 (62.07) | 1.000 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 6 (20.69) | 8 (27.59) | 0.754 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 17 (58.62) | 20 (68.97) | 0.607 |
| Duration of cognitive symptoms, years (median, IQR) | 4.21 (2, 6) |
Notes: Bold values indicate statistically significant at P-value < 0.05.
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer’s disease; n, number; SD, standard deviation; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; log MAR, logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; IOP, intraocular pressure; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; IQR, interquartile range.