Table 1. Comparison of demographic characteristics of patients included in the study of 30-day mortality.
| Variable | Total (n = 24,365) | Survival at 30 days (n = 24,085) | Mortality within 30 days (n = 280) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | <0.001 | |||
| Japan | 645 (2.6) | 644 (2.7) | 1 (0.4) | |
| Korea | 16,476 (67.6) | 16,371 (68.0) | 105 (37.5) | |
| Malaysia | 5,358 (22.0) | 5,302 (22.0) | 56 (20.0) | |
| Taiwan | 1,886 (7.7) | 1,768 (7.3) | 118 (42.1) | |
| Age, years | 45.0 (37.0) | 45.0 (37.0) | 61.0 (34.0) | <0.001 |
| Male | 15,498 (63.6) | 15,305 (63.5) | 193 (68.9) | 0.063 |
| Mechanism of injury | 0.004 | |||
| Non-penetrating injury | 23,354 (95.9) | 23,076 (95.8) | 278 (99.3) | |
| Penetrating injury | 1,011 (4.1) | 1,009 (4.2) | 2 (0.7) | |
| Type of injury | <0.001 | |||
| Non-TBI | 16,173 (66.4) | 16,099 (66.8) | 74 (26.4) | |
| Mixed TBI | 3,920 (16.1) | 3,808 (15.8) | 12 (40.0) | |
| Isolated TBI | 4,272 (17.5) | 4,178 (17.3) | 94 (33.6) | |
| ISS | <0.001 | |||
| <16 | 22,727 (93.3) | 22,632 (94.0) | 95 (33.9) | |
| ≥16 | 1,638 (6.7) | 1,453 (6.0) | 185 (66.1) | |
| RTS | <0.001 | |||
| ≥7 | 23,192 (95.2) | 23,121 (96.0) | 71 (25.4) | |
| <7 | 1,173 (4.8) | 964 (4.0) | 209 (74.6) | |
| Prehospital management | ||||
| Supraglottic airway | 11 (0.0) | 6 (0.0) | 5 (3.1) | <0.001 |
| ETT | 7 (0.0) | 5 (0.0) | 2 (0.7) | 0.003 |
| Fluid access (IV, IO) | 1,205 (4.9) | 1,169 (4.9) | 36 (12.9) | <0.001 |
| Response time, minutes | 20.0 (27.0) | 20.0 (27.0) | 19.0 (9.8) | 0.020 |
| Scene to hospital time, minutes | 21.0 (13.0) | 21.0 (13.0) | 20.0 (12.8) | 0.754 |
| Total prehospital time, minutes | 47.0 (28.0) | 47.0 (28.0) | 41.0 (25.3) | 0.006 |
Dichotomous and categorical variables are reported as absolute sample size (percentage), whereas continuous variables are reported as median (IQR).
ETT, endotracheal tube; IO, intraosseous line; ISS, Injury Severity Score; IV, intravenous line; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TBI, traumatic brain injury.