Table 3. Multivariable logistic regression of poor functional outcome (n = 21,886).
| Variable | Analysis with RT and SH† | Analysis with TPT† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <0.001 | 1.02 (1.02–1.03) | <0.001 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Reference | Reference | ||
| Male | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.215 | 0.93 (0.82–1.04) | 0.208 |
| Mechanism of injury | ||||
| Non-penetrating | Reference | Reference | ||
| Penetrating | 0.15 (0.07–0.29) | <0.001 | 0.15 (0.07–0.29) | <0.001 |
| Type of injury | ||||
| No TBI | Reference | Reference | ||
| Mixed TBI | 0.79 (0.68–0.93) | 0.003 | 0.79 (0.68–0.92) | 0.003 |
| Isolated TBI | 0.44 (0.37–0.53) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.37–0.53) | <0.001 |
| ISS ≥ 16 | 4.77 (4.03–5.66) | <0.001 | 4.73 (3.99–5.61) | <0.001 |
| RTS < 7 | 7.74 (6.38–9.38) | <0.001 | 7.79 (6.42–9.44) | <0.001 |
| Prehospital rescue airway* | 1.88 (0.59–6.04) | 0.288 | 1.88 (0.59–6.01) | 0.290 |
| Prehospital IV/IO access | 3.63 (3.01–4.38) | <0.001 | 3.61 (2.99–4.35) | <0.001 |
| RT (per 10 min) | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | <0.001 | NA | NA |
| SH (per 10 min) | 1.05 (1.01–1.08) | 0.007 | NA | NA |
| TPT (per 10 min) | NA | NA | 1.06 (1.04–1.08) | <0.001 |
†TPT was put in the multivariable logistic regression separately from RT and SH due to their strong collinearity.
*Rescue airway includes prehospital supraglottic airway and endotracheal tube insertion.
CI, confidence interval; IO, intraosseous line; ISS, Injury Severity Score; IV, intravenous line; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio; RTS, Revised Trauma Score; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TPT, total prehospital time.