Contour plots showing ranges of estimated end-inspiratory volume for various resistance (R) and compliance (C) values (patient-specific lung mechanics) evaluated for 4 ventilator settings with different PEEP and pressure control levels. In all cases, the breathing frequency is 20 breaths/min, and the inspiratory:expiratory ratio is 1:2. Light blue shading indicates that the absolute value of end-expiratory flow was > 0.05 L/s, which indicates incomplete expiration (ie, auto-PEEP). A: PC of 15 cm H2O + 5 cm H2O of PEEP, B: PC of 14 cm H2O + 10 cm H2O of PEEP, C: PC of 16 cm H2O + 14 cm H2O of PEEP, and D: PC of 14 cm H2O + 16 cm H2O of PEEP.