Table 5.
Comparison of the DAPA-CKD diabetic subpopulation with populations recruited to other contemporary trials of DKD in patients already receiving RAS blockade
| Characteristic | DAPA-CKD | CREDENCE [4] | FIDELIO-DKD [14] | SONAR [31] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with CKD and diabetes | 2906 | 4401 | 5674 | 2648a |
| Patients with DKD, % | 86.4 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Other aetiology, % | 13.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Study drug | Dapagliflozin | Canagliflozin | Finerenone | Atrasentan |
| Age (years), mean | 64.4 | 63.0 | 65.6 | 64.8 |
| Gender, % | ||||
| Male | 66.8 | 66.1 | 70.2 | 74.2 |
| Female | 33.2 | 33.9 | 29.8 | 25.8 |
| Race, % | ||||
| White | 53.0 | 66.6 | 65.9 | 56.5 |
| Black | 4.7 | 5.1 | 4.7 | 5.6 |
| Asian | 32.1 | 19.9 | 25.3 | 34.0 |
| Other | 10.2 | 8.4 | 3.8 | 3.8 |
| Duration of diabetes (years), mean (SD) | Median 15.0 | 15.8 (8.6) | 16.6 (8.8) | 16.7 (9.1) |
| History of CV disease, % | 44.1 | 50.4 | 45.9 | – |
| History of heart failure, % | 12.4 | 14.8 | 7.5 | – |
| History of myocardial infarction, % | 11.0 | – | 13.5 | 6.0 |
| History of stroke, % | 7.9 | – | 12.1 | – |
| Blood pressure (mmHg), mean (SD) | ||||
| Systolic | 139 (17) | 140 (16) | 138 (14) | 136 (15) |
| Diastolic | 77 (10) | 78 (9) | 76 (10) | 75 (10) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | Median 29.0 | 31.3 (6.2) | 31.1 (6.0) | – |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.8 (1.7) | 8.3 (1.3) | 7.7 (1.3) | 7.8 (1.5) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol), mean (SD) | 62 (19) | 67 (14) | 61 (14) | 62 (16) |
| eGFR, (mL/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD) | 43.8 (12.6) | 56.2 (18.2) | 44.3 (12.6) | 43.8 (13.7) |
| eGFR categories (mL/min/1.73 m2), % | ||||
| ≥60 | 12.0 | 40.2 | 11.6 | – |
| ≥45–<60 | 31.6 | 28.8 | 33.5 | – |
| ≥30–<45 | 42.6 | 27.1 | 52.5b | – |
| <30 | 13.8 | 3.9 | – | – |
| <25 | – | – | 2.4 | |
| UACR (mg/g), median (25–75 percentile) | 1017 | 927 (463–1833) | 851 (446–1634) | 802 (450–1469) |
| UACR categories (mg/g), % | ||||
| <30 | 0 | 0.7c | 0.4 | – |
| 30–300 | 10.6 | 11.3c | 12.1d | – |
| >300 | 89.4 | 88.0c | 87.4d | – |
| Antihyperglycaemic medications, % | ||||
| Biguanide | 42.8 | 57.8 | 43.8 | 38.1 |
| Sulphonylurea | 26.6 | 28.8 | 23.4 | 28.4 |
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 25.5 | 17.1 | 26.8 | – |
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor | 3.4 | – | – | – |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 4.2 | 4.2 | 7.0 | – |
| Insulin | 55.0 | 65.5 | 64.1 | 62.5 |
| Thiazolidinedione | 3.1 | – | – | – |
| CV medications, % | ||||
| RAS blockade | 96.9 | 99.9e | 99.9 | 98.0 |
| Diuretic | 50.4 | 46.7 | 56.6 | 82.6 |
| Antithrombotic | 56.7 | 59.6 | 56.8 | – |
| Beta-blocker | 43.6 | 40.2 | 52.2 | 41.7 |
| Statin | 71.6 | 69.0 | 74.3 | 78.4 |
| Calcium channel blocker | 53.3 | – | 63.2 | 57.6 |
a
Number of participants who were classed as ‘responders’ and enrolled into UACR responder stratum of the study.
b
eGFR range 25–<45 mL/min/1.73 m2.
c
Normoalbuminuria/microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria.
d
<30/30–<300/≥300 mg/g.
e
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade.