Table 1.
Domestic gatekeeper training programs for suicide prevention
| Program | Development institution | Highlight | SECTION |
|---|---|---|---|
| Suicide Reporting Recommendation Guideline 3.0 [14] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Principles of suicide-related reporting | 2 |
| Suicide Prevention Education Program for Senior Service Provider [15] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Educate senior service providers on the characteristics of elderly and risk factors of elderly suicide | 3 |
| Cognitive Behavioral Program for Suicidal Attempter [16] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Understand cognitive distortion, automatic thoughts, and emotional response and behavior of suicide attempters, education on cognitive behavioral programs for prevention of suicidal reattempts | 3 |
| ‘Suicide CARE’ for Air Force [17] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Suicide prevention education program for the air force, understanding of suicide, and training gatekeepers of air force | 3 |
| Senior Suicide Prevention Education Program [18] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Understand geriatric depression and suicide, Improve awareness on senior suicide prevention | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Education Program for Office Worker [19] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Understand the risk factors of suicide, self-assessment, and suicidal signs, conduct suicide prevention interventions | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Education for Emergency Medical Worker [20] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Understand psychiatric assessment and interview principles of suicide, introduce suicide screening tools and suicide-related pharmacotherapy and physical restraints, conduct suicide-related emergency medical services | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Education Program [21] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Understand high-risk suicidal groups, detect high-risk suicidal groups, educate helping skills of gatekeepers | 3 |
| Senior Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Education Program [22] | Korea Suicide Prevention Center | Educate on suicide prevention for the elderly, train gatekeepers, enhance the mental health of the elderly | 3 |
| Crisis Management Protocol for Suicide and Mental Disorder [23] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Integrated crisis management service system, continuous management service system for mental hospitals and community mental health welfare centers | 2 |
| Suicide Crisis Intervention Handbook [24] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Systemize the intervention strategies through understanding suicide, education on suicidal risk assessment, 6-step counseling and intervention skills | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program [25] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Understand suicide, establish strategies for suicide prevention, gatekeeper work activity | 3 |
| Manual for Counseling and Self-Help Group for Survivor of Bereavement by Suicide [26] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Understand counseling and self-help groups for bereaved survivors of suicide | 2 |
| Suicide Prevention Education for Emergency Worker [27] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Enhance gatekeepers’ intervention skills for high suicidality, control the quality of community-based suicide prevention services | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Professional Training Program [28] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Understand skill, application, and supervision of motivation enhancement interviews | 3 |
| Gatekeeper Training Program for Teacher [29] | Seoul Suicide Prevention Center | Train teachers on suicide risk assessment of adolescents | 3 |
| Adolescent Suicide Crisis Intervention Manual for Teacher and Official [30] | Incheon Suicide Prevention Center | Be aware of problem of adolescent suicide, prevent adolescent suicide, provide for adolescents with suicidality, interconnection of adolescent-related institutions | 3 |
| School-Based Suicide Postvention Program [31] | Seoul Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand the psychological conflicts about school-related suicide | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Program of Community Resident Participation [32] | Gangseo-gu Mental Health Welfare Center, Seoul | Detect suicide problems within the community, establish leadership, increase community resident suicide prevention activities | 3 |
| Mental Health Promotion and Happiness Enhancement Thank You Program [33] | Seongdong-gu Mental Health Welfare Center, Seoul | Through increasing positive emotions, decrease suicidality of psychiatric patients with suicidal ideation, suicidal attempters, and bereaved survivors of suicide | 3 |
| ‘Mind Cane’ [34] | Busan Mental Health Welfare Center | 10-session cognitive behavioral therapy for elderly with depressive mood and suicidal ideation | 3 |
| Psychological Emotion Support Recommendation for Official Whose Client Commit Suicide [35] | Busan Mental Health Welfare Center | Recommend institution response (i.e., situation report, administrative management) and psychological emotional support (i.e., case supervision, work cooperation, vacation support, counseling support for psychological conflicts) | 2 |
| Psychological Support for Survivor of Bereavement by Suicide [36] | Incheon Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand bereaved survivors of suicide | 3 |
| Senior Suicidal Crisis Management Manual [37] | Incheon Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand suicide by elderly and interventions in actual practice | 3 |
| ‘Suicide Prevention and Crisis Intervention Manual’ for Suicide Prevention Official [38] | Incheon Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand suicide, crisis management, emergency intervention principle, and case management | 2 |
| Adolescent Life Respect Education [39] | Daegu Mental Health Welfare Center | Prevent adolescent suicide, educate intervention skill for suicide | 3 |
| Senior Life Respect Education Program, ‘Life Charger’ [40] | Daegu Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand the definition of life chargers, detect suicidal ambivalence and signs | 3 |
| Crisis Intervention Program of Gwangju [41] | Gwangju Mental Health Welfare Center | Detect suicidal crisis signs, increase interviewing skills of suicide prevention officials | 3 |
| ‘Life Zone’ [42] | Buk-gu Mental Health Welfare Center, Gwangju | Structured education program for instructor training, train gatekeepers to help high-risk suicidal groups | 3 |
| ‘Mind Friends’ [43] | Buk-gu Mental Health Welfare Center, Gwangju | Understand the protective and risk factors of adolescent suicide and depressive symptoms | 3 |
| ‘What’s Up?’ [44] | Dong-gu Mental Health Welfare Center, Gwangju | Understand the suicidal risk of adolescents, understand suicidal signs | 3 |
| Group Program Manual for Survivor of Bereavement by Suicide [45] | Gyeonggi-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Systemize standardized service of a group program for the bereaved survivors of suicide, facilitate a group of the survivors of suicide in the community, provide an education program for grief | 3 |
| Life Loving Teen Teen Class 3.0 [46] | Gyeonggi-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand rational ideas about suicide, help an adolescent friend with suicide ideation | 1 |
| Life Loving Teen Teen Class Gatekeeper [47] | Gyeonggi-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand life-loving and the value of life | 3 |
| Student Suicide Prevention Intervention Program, ‘M-love’ [48] | Gyeonggi-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Provide an opportunity of emotional expression, return to ordinary life through a normal grief reaction | 3 |
| Gold Medal Case Management Program [49] | Suwon Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeonggi-do | Divide and construct goal behaviors into gold, silver, and bronze medals, based on conditioning theory | 3 |
| Adolescent Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program, ‘Between Friends’ [50] | Suwon Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeonggi-do | Understand the factors influencing suicidal ideation, suicidal signs, protective factors against suicide, and helping methods for friend | 3 |
| Life Respect Manual [51] | Seongnam Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeonggi-do | Problem-solving manual for persons with suicidal ideation | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Education Program [52] | Seongnam Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeonggi-do | Develop a suicide prevention gatekeeper education for citizens of Seongnam | 3 |
| Support Guidebook for Survivor of Bereavement by Suicide [53] | Seongnam Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeonggi-do | Understand community-based support services for bereaved survivors of suicide | 3 |
| Life Respect Green Village [54] | Hwaseong Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeonggi-do | Equip a safe deposit box of agricultural chemicals | 3 |
| Gatekeeper Training Program for Police Officer [55] | Chuungcheongbuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Recognize statistical data of police officer suicide | 3 |
| Gatekeeper Training Program for Firefighter [56] | Chuungcheongbuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Recognize statistical data of firefighter suicide | 3 |
| Emergency Kit Emergency Box [57] | Chungchengbuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | 1. Emergency kit (a tool to cope with physical emergency situations) | 3 |
| 2. Emergency box (suicidal risk assessment, crisis intervention, refer to medical institutions, and others) | |||
| ‘Suicide Crisis Management Manual’ [58] | Chungcheongbuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Suicide crisis management manual for 112, 119, and community mental health welfare centers | 2 |
| Life Savor Training Program [59] | Chuungcheongbuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand suicide and suicide prevention | 3 |
| Chungbuk Stop of Suicide (SOS) Project [60] | Chungcheongbuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Suicidal crisis intervention program for policemen, firefighters, and mental health welfare center officials | 3 |
| Running Life [61] | Chungcheongnam-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Suicide prevention education for adolescent, adults, and seniors | 3 |
| Motivation Enhancement Cognitive Behavioral Program 2.0, ‘Empathy 3’ [62] | Gumi Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeongsangbuk-do | Understand suicidal intent, enhance life motivation, construct a safety net | 3 |
| Short-term Intervention Program 2.0, ‘Empathy 1’ [63] | Gumi Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeongsangbuk-do | A short-term intervention program for suicide attempters and high-risk suicidal groups | 3 |
| Peer Life Savor Training Program [64] | Gumi Mental Health Welfare Center, Gyeongsangbuk-do | Educate on the four phases including irrational belief phase, rational belief construction phase, rational behavior construction phase, and rational behavior acquirement phase | 3 |
| Life Loving Gatekeeper Training Program and Instructor Training Program [65] | Jeollabuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Increase understanding of suicide, detect suicidal signs, educate on interview skills and attitude and assessment and evaluation of crisis situations | 3 |
| Suicide Prevention Program [66] | Jeollabuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Improve understanding of suicide for Jeollabuk-do people, reduce the suicide rate in Jeollabuk-do | 3 |
| Life Loving Gatekeeper Professional Instructor Program [67] | Jeollabuk-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand suicide and theory about suicide, educate on suicidal risk assessments | 3 |
| ‘Knocking Repeatedly’ [68] | Wanju Mental Health Welfare Center, Jeollabuk-do | Reduce suicide ideation and depressive mood of high-risk suicide groups | 3 |
| ‘Hello?’ [69] | Jeollanam-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand suicide, conduct early detect and early management of high-risk suicidal groups, decrease suicidal rate through fostering a life respecting culture | 3 |
| Life Loving Gatekeeper Training Program [70] | Jeju-do Mental Health Welfare Center | Understand the characteristics of elderly suicides, detect and help high-risk suicide groups | 3 |
| Gatekeeper Education Program for Police Officer [71] | Korea National Police Agency | Recognize suicidal risk of police officers, improve the connection with resources which provide appropriate help | 3 |
| Suicidality Screening Program [72] | Department of Epidemiology, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul | Conduct community-based suicidality screening tests and refer persons with high-risk suicidality to mental health institutions | 3 |
| TLC Academy, ‘Life Loving’ [73] | Nazarene University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do | Understand suicide and suicide prevention programs, train counseling, conduct a suicide prevention campaign | 3 |
| Life Saver Education Book [74] | Life Respect Education Association, Seoul | Educate psychology to respect life, educate suicide prevention for respect of life | 3 |
| Adolescent Suicide Prevention Education Program, ‘I Love You’ [75] | Life Line Korea, Samsung Life Insurance, Community Chest of Korea, Korea Health Promotion Institute | Educate intervention skill for adolescents with suicidal crises, educate school-based suicide prevention intervention | 3 |
| Life Loving Gatekeeper Basic Education Program [76] | Life Hope Protestant Suicide Prevention Center, Seoul | Suicide prevention intervention program for adolescents | 3 |
| Sexual Minority Suicide Prevention Gatekeeper Training Program [77] | Korean Gay Humanity Movement Organization | Understand suicidal signs and suicidal ideation of sexual minorities, improve self-help of gatekeepers | 3 |
Adapted from the Korea Suicide Prevention Center. Registration System for Domestic Gatekeeper Training Programs to Introduce Evidence-Based Suicide Prevention Interventions [Internet]. Seoul: Korea Suicide Prevention Center; 2020, according to the Creative commons license [16]