Table 3.

The plasma acute phase protein (APP) and proinflammatory cytokine levels in beef cattle fed different diets

Item	Diets1			SEM	P-values
	LCD	HCD	HCDT
APP
LBP (μg/ml)	298a	324b	309ab	5.1	0.013
SAA (μg/ml)	13.7A	15.3B	13.9A	0.24	0.006
CRP (mg/l)	9.4a	11.0b	9.8ab	0.26	0.035
Hp (μg/ml)	1809a	2119b	1798a	60.0	0.034
Proinflammatory cytokine
TNF-α (pg/ml)	1209a	1430Bb	1233Aa	34.8	0.008
IL-1β (pg/ml)	134a	159b	157b	4.3	0.026
IL-6 (pg/ml)	298a	322b	298a	4.5	0.038
IL-8 (pg/ml)	291a	325b	306ab	5.9	0.046

LBP = lipopolysaccharide-binding protein; SAA = serum amyloid A; CRP = C-reactive protein; Hp = haptoglobin; TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor α; IL-1β = interleukin-1β; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IL-8 = interleukin-8.

¹ LCD, low-concentrate diet based on corn steeped in tap water for 48 h; HCD, high-concentrate diet based on corn steeped in tap water for 48 h; HCDT, high-concentrate diet based on corn steeped in 1% (wt/wt) hydrochloric acid for 48 h in combination with subsequent sodium bicarbonate neutralization.

^A,BMeans of the same row not sharing an uppercase letter differ (P < 0.01).

^a,bMeans of the same row not sharing a lowercase letter differ (P < 0.05).