Table 2.
Summary of Patient Demographics and Comorbidities by DR Status and DME Status
| DR Status (n = 273) | DME Status (n = 317) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No DR | Mild NPDR | Moderate NPDR | Severe NPDR | PDR | P† | No DME | DME | P‡ | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Males | 36 (37.1) | 29 (40.3) | 6 (42.9) | 7 (63.6) | 29 (36.7) | 0.88 | 88 (39.3) | 39 (41.9) | 0.66 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 37.1 [8.00] | 36.7 [7.61] | 36.9 [9.64] | 37.5 [10.5] | 36.6 [10.1] | 1.00 | 37.5 [9.31] | 36.5 [7.91] | 0.60 |
| Age, years | 62.8 [11.2] | 62.8 [9.07] | 63.7 [9.94] | 63.6 [10.0] | 63.7 [11.0] | 0.97 | 64.2 [10.4] | 63.1 [10.9] | 0.042** |
| Hispanic | 44 (45.4) | 22 (30.6) | 4 (28.6) | 5 (45.5) | 31 (39.2) | 0.65 | 84 (37.5) | 34 (36.6) | 0.76 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| DME | 4 (4.1) | 19 (26.4) | 8 (57.1) | 8 (72.7) | 50 (63.3) | 0.000* | |||
| Diabetes duration, years | 9.42 [4.22] | 9.15 [4.34] | 8.36 [4.05] | 10.6 [4.80] | 9.97 [3.56] | 0.49 | 9.72 [4.49] | 9.38 [5.28] | 0.25 |
| Age at diagnosis of diabetes | 53.3 [10.1] | 55.9 [9.76] | 56.6 [9.56] | 48.8 [12.3] | 52.1 [12.2] | 0.087*** | 54.3 [10.8] | 54.0 [11.5] | 0.83 |
| Insulin dependence | 47 (48.5) | 44 (61.1) | 10 (71.4) | 8 (72.7) | 64 (81) | 0.000* | 132 [58.9] | 69 [74.2] | 0.094*** |
| Hemoglobin A1c percentage | 7.45 [1.86] | 8.01 [1.53] | 8.59 [1.55] | 7.17 [1.88] | 8.11 [1.87] | 0.037** | 7.76 [1.78] | 7.79 [1.75] | 0.51 |
| Smoker | 55 (56.7) | 32 (44.4) | 11 (78.6) | 6 (54.5) | 38 (48.1) | 0.49 | 111 (49.6) | 52 (55.9) | 0.30 |
| Hypertension | 97 (100) | 72 (100) | 14 (100) | 11 (100) | 79 (100) | N/A§ | 224 (100) | 93 (100) | N/A§ |
| Dyslipidemia | 90 (92.8) | 68 (94.4) | 12 (85.7) | 11 (100) | 77 (97.5) | 0.17 | 205 (92.5) | 91 (97.8) | 0.039** |
| Carotid stenosis | 5 (5.2) | 3 (4.2) | 1 (7.1) | 2 (18.2) | 11 (13.9) | 0.012** | 17(7.6) | 8 (8.6) | 0.76 |
| Total observations | 97 (35.5) | 72 (26.4) | 14 (5.12) | 11 (4.02) | 79 (28.9) | 224 (70.7) | 93 (29.3) | ||
Data are presented as n (%) or mean [SD] unless otherwise specified.
*
P < 0.01;
**
P < 0.05;
***
P < 0.10.
†
P values were calculated using linear-by-linear chi-square tests for all categorical variables and analysis of variance tests for all continuous variables.
‡
P values were calculated using Pearson chi-square tests for all categorical variables and independent samples t-tests for all continuous variables.
§
No P values were calculated for hypertension, as this variable is a constant.