Table 3.
Summary of Polysomnography Measures by DR Status and DME Status
| DR Status (n = 273) | DME Status (n = 317) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No DR | Mild NPDR | Moderate NPDR | Severe NPDR | PDR | No DME | DME | |
| OSA§ | 92 (94.8) | 67 (93.1) {0.89, 0.64} | 13 (92.9) {0.67, 0.98} | 11 (100.0) {0.071***, 0.11} | 74 (93.7) {0.005*, 0.024**} | 207 (92.4) | 89 (95.7) {0.000*, 0.000*} |
| AHI | 38.4 [30.0] | 38.6 [33.2] {0.97, 0.46} | 41.8 [29.4] {0.68, 0.45} | 59.3 [35.0] {0.036**, 0.10} | 46.0 [29.8] {0.11, 0.56} | 39.1 [31.3] | 46.4 [32.0] {0.063***, 0.100] |
| REM AHI | 41.8 [23.7] | 46.4 [31.0] {0.41, 0.55} | 44.1 [25.8] {0.79, 0.95} | 35.0 [23.4] {0.57, 0.38} | 40.5 [24.1] {0.81, 0.35} | 41.5 [27.1] | 40.8 [22.8] {0.86, 0.77} |
| NREM AHI | 30.0 [30.3] | 29.2 [29.7] {0.88, 0.15} | 31.7 [26.2] {0.86, 0.25} | 50.5 [28.4] {0.11, 0.53} | 35.6 [27.9] {0.35, 0.88} | 29.6 [29.0] | 36.0 [28.1] {0.18, 0.13} |
| Sleep efficiency | 74.2 [13.7] | 71.7 [18.8] {0.36, 0.86} | 60.6 [20.6] {0.008*, 0.13} | 77.7 [18.7] {0.48, 0.53} | 69.4 [19.4] {0.071***, 0.77} | 71.1 [17.7] | 69.2 [19.2] {0.42, 0.42} |
| Arousal index | 23.2 [22.5] | 26.4 [25.5] {0.39, 0.61} | 25.7 [21.8] {0.69, 0.87} | 32.2 [30.8] {0.23, 0.82} | 26.3 [21.4] {0.38, 0.90} | 25.2 [23.6] | 26.5 [21.8] {0.65, 0.96} |
| PLMI | 3.12 [7.59] | 6.46 [17.8] {0.17, 0.033**} | 4.24 [13.4] {0.69, 0.33} | 1.74 [5.27] {0.63, 0.86} | 6.09 [19.7] {0.19, 0.28} | 5.72 [15.3] | 5.74 [18.2] {0.99, 0.98} |
| Mean event time | 22.6 [6.21] | 22.1 [6.08] {0.66, 0.78} | 22.9 [4.36] {0.89, 0.98} | 20.3 [3.53] {0.34, 0.47} | 22.3 [6.76] {0.79, 0.94} | 22.2 [6.27] | 22.2 [5.94] {0.99, 0.88} |
| Minimum SpO2 | 76.9 [11.1] | 76.2 [14.5] {0.69, 0.69} | 77.9 [8.29] {0.77, 0.80} | 70.6 [12.8] {0.12, 0.29} | 76.4 [11.9] {0.77, 0.87} | 76.2 [12.6] | 76.6 [12.6] {0.77, 0.87} |
| ODI | 20.9 [21.6] | 18.0 [21.2] {0.52, 0.78} | 33.5 [20.7] {0.22, 0.63} | 33.8 [29.7] {0.21, 0.34} | 32.7 [26.4] {0.035**, 0.086***} | 24.5 [25.8] | 30.4 [26.1] {0.22, 0.81} |
| ESS | 9.84 [5.71] | 10.8 [5.77] {0.35, 0.19} | 12.2 [4.88] {0.34, 0.47} | 10.8 [6.43] {0.68, 0.59} | 9.89 [5.88] {0.96, 0.81} | 9.79 [5.67] | 11.03 [5.50] {0.14, 0.16} |
Data are presented as n (%), mean [SD], or {unadjusted P value,† adjusted P value†,‡} unless otherwise specified.
P < 0.01;
P < 0.05;
P < 0.10.
Reference category for DR severity and DME: no DR and no DME, respectively.
P values are adjusted for patient sex, age, ethnicity, BMI, diabetes duration, hemoglobin A1c percentage, smoker status, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and carotid stenosis.
P values are for OSA severity stratified as mild-to-moderate and severe.
ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (the ESS asks patients to rate their likelihood of falling asleep [0–3] in 8 questions: a score ≥10 is considered excessive daytime sleepiness, and in combination with a diagnosis of OSA is termed OSA syndrome); NREM, nonrapid eye movement sleep; PLMI, periodic limb movement index; REM, rapid eye movement sleep; SpO2, oxygen saturation.28 ODI, oxygen desaturation index.