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. 2020 Oct 6;10:16586. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-73716-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Downregulation of sporulation-related genes in F-type cells and a proposed model for sporulation is regulated. (A) The interactions between the genes likely to be expressed in sporulation stage 0 and regulatory genes. The STRING map of proteins expressed in sporulation stage 0. Line shape indicates the predicted mode of action. The thickness of the yellow arrows in each node represents the log₂ fold changes of each gene by RNA-seq. The upward-pointing arrow indicates upregulation and downward direction indicates downregulation in F-type. A circle without a yellow arrow indicates no difference in the amount of expression between B- and F-types. Blunt ended arrows represent negative interaction. (B) A simplified schematic representation of the regulatory network that governs the initiation of sporulation in E681. Yellow represents key regulators of Spo0A. (C) The interaction network between kinases and Spo0F in E681 based on string analysis is shown. Line thickness indicates the strength of data support.