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. 2020 Sep 23;14:576741. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.576741

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Copyright © 2020 Knauss, Albrecht, Dirnagl, Mueller, Harms, Hoffmann, Koch, Endres and Boehm-Sturm.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Power to detect an effect of d = 1 with and without adjusting for a covariate. Adjusting for a single covariate in the outcome analysis (ANCOVA) increased the power to detect a true effect by up to 25% compared to no adjustment (ANOVA) depending on the magnitude of the correlation coefficient of covariate and outcome variable. Effect size d = 1, n = 14 per group, 1000 repetitions per condition. Coefficient of determination found in this study for the association of PcomA score and lesion size marked in yellow (r² = 0.34).