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. 2020 Sep 23;14:40. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2020.00040

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Copyright © 2020 Rushmore, Wilson-Braun, Papadimitriou, Ng, Rathi, Zhang, O’Donnell, Kubicki, Bouix, Yeterian, Lemaire, Calabrese, Johnson, Kikinis and Makris.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Three-dimensional reconstructions of selected brainstem systems. For each subfigure, the three-dimensional rendering is overlaid on a volume rendering of the brainstem, and selected slices in the axial (red), coronal (yellow), and sagittal (green) planes are illustrated on the right. To generate the three-dimensional structures, a 0.5 mm median smoothing kernel was applied. (A) Cranial sensorimotor system, (B) Oculomotor system, (C) Auditory system, (D) Vestibular system, (E) Vestibuloocular system, (F) Cerebellar systems, (G) Motor (G1) and Sensory (G2) systems of the body, (H) Integrative systems. Note that the most easily resolvable structures on the MRI images were segmented and reconstructed and that these images do not encapsulate all component structures of each system.

Three-dimensional reconstructions of selected brainstem systems. For each subfigure, the three-dimensional rendering is overlaid on a volume rendering of the brainstem, and selected slices in the axial (red), coronal (yellow), and sagittal (green) planes are illustrated on the right. To generate the three-dimensional structures, a 0.5 mm median smoothing kernel was applied. (A) Cranial sensorimotor system, (B) Oculomotor system, (C) Auditory system, (D) Vestibular system, (E) Vestibuloocular system, (F) Cerebellar systems, (G) Motor (G1) and Sensory (G2) systems of the body, (H) Integrative systems. Note that the most easily resolvable structures on the MRI images were segmented and reconstructed and that these images do not encapsulate all component structures of each system.