Table 4.

List of longitudinal studies that assessed the utility of TBS in detecting incident fragility fractures

References	Study population, mean follow up (years)	Fragility fractures (Incident)	Results
Hans et al. 2011 Manitoba study[28]	Women >50 years old, n=29,407, 4.7 years	1668- MOF (vertebral 439, hip 293)	MOF: AUC 0.63 (0.61-0.64), HR 1.35 (1.20-1.42), Vertebral: AUC 0.66 (0.64-0.69), HR 1.22 (1.10-1.34), Hip: AUC 0.68 (0.65-0.71), HR 1.46 (1.13-1.46)
Boutroy et al. 2013 OFELY study[29]	Postmenopausal women, n=560, 7.8±1.3 years	112 (vertebral 32, hip 8, wrist 35, others 37)	OR 1.57 (1.25-1.98), AUC 0.63 (0.57-0.68), 35% fractures in osteopenic women- however was within lowest quartile of TBS
Briot et al. 2013 OPUS study[30]	Women >55 years of age, n=1007, 6 years	82 clinical fractures, 46 radiological vertebral	Clinical fracture: AUC 0.62 (0.56-0.69), OR 1.62 (1.3-2.01), Radiographic vertebral: AUC 0.63 (0.54-0.72), OR 1.54 (1.17-2.03)
Iki et al. 2015 JPOS study[31]	Women >50 years of age, n=665, 10 years	92 vertebral fracture by VFA	OR 1.98 (1.56-2.51), AUC 0.682 (0.662-0.773)
Popp et al. 2016[32]	Women with mean age 76 years, n=556, 2.7 years	52 clinical fragility	HR 2.01 (1.54-2.63), AUC 0.69 (0.62-0.77)
McCloskey et al. 2015[33]	Men and women with a mean age of 72 years n=17809, 6.7 years	1109 (298 hip fracture)	OR for MOF 1.44 (1.35-1.53)

MOF: Major osteoporotic fracture, AUC: Area under curve