TABLE 2.
Male participants: Differences in sociodemographic, lifestyle factors, and tinnitus-associated phenomena between bothersome and non-bothersome tinnitus.
|
Non-bothersome tinnitus |
Bothersome tinnitus |
|||
| Variable | Frequency (count data) | Adjusted residuals | Frequency (count data) | Adjusted residuals |
| Marital status∗∗∗ | n = 2915 | n = 299 | ||
| Married | 23.9% (696) | −5.0 | 37.1% (111) | 5.0 |
| Cohabiting | 36.5% (1063) | 1.5 | 32.1% (96) | −1.5 |
| Single | 26.6% (776) | 2.8 | 19.1% (57) | −2.8 |
| Separated/divorced | 3.5% (102) | −0.5 | 4.0% (12) | 0.5 |
| Living apart | 9.5% (276) | 1.4 | 7.0% (21) | −1.4 |
| Widowed | 0.0% (1) | −3.4 | 0.7% (2) | 3.4 |
| Same-sex marriage | 0.0% (1) | 0.3 | 0.0% (0) | −0.3 |
| Education∗∗∗ | n = 2944 | n = 301 | ||
| Nine-year primary school | 2.7% (80) | −6.1 | 9.3% (28) | 6.1 |
| Secondary school | 27.9% (820) | −2.0 | 33.2% (100) | 2.0 |
| University | 61.7% (1815) | 4.8 | 47.5% (143) | −4.8 |
| Other | 7.8% (229) | −1.3 | 10.0% (30) | 1.3 |
| Employment∗∗∗ | n = 2679 | n = 275 | ||
| Employed | 62.4% (1671) | 1.6 | 57.5% (158) | −1.6 |
| Unemployed | 3.2% (86) | −0.1 | 3.3% (9) | 0.1 |
| Running an owned or part-owned company | 11.4% (305) | −2.1 | 15.6% (43) | 2.1 |
| Age pension | 3.8% (101) | −4.7 | 9.8% (27) | 4.7 |
| Activity or sickness benefit (early retirement) due to illness/disability | 0.4% (11) | −0.8 | 0.7% (2) | 0.8 |
| Sick leave (for 2 months or longer) | 0.6% (15) | −0.3 | 0.7% (2) | 0.3 |
| Parental leave (for 2 months or longer) | 1.0% (28) | 0.5 | 0.7% (2) | −0.5 |
| Student | 15.9% (425) | 3.0 | 9.1% (25) | −3.0 |
| On leave | 0.3% (7) | 0.8 | 0.0% (0) | −0.8 |
| Housewife/man | 0.0% (1) | 0.3 | 0.0% (0) | −0.3 |
| Other | 1.1% (29) | −2.1 | 2.5% (7) | 2.1 |
| Alcohol∗∗ | n = 2957 | n = 298 | ||
| 4 times a week or more | 5.5% (163) | −2.5 | 9.1% (27) | 2.5 |
| 2–3 times a week | 26.4% (781) | 0.3 | 25.5% (76) | −0.3 |
| Once a week | 21.5% (637) | 1.4 | 18.1% (54) | −1.4 |
| 2–3 times a month | 26.1% (772) | 1.4 | 22.5% (67) | −1.4 |
| Once a month or less | 17.7% (522) | −0.6 | 19.1% (57) | 0.6 |
| Never | 2.8% (82) | −2.8 | 5.7% (17) | 2.8 |
| Smoking status∗∗ | n = 2952 | n = 299 | ||
| Non-smoker | 64.5% (1903) | 3.5 | 54.2% (162) | −3.5 |
| Ex-smoker | 28.5% (842) | −3.2 | 37.5% (112) | 3.2 |
| Smoker | 7.0% (207) | −0.9 | 8.4% (25) | 0.9 |
| Hearing ability∗∗∗ | n = 2974 | n = 299 | ||
| Good | 66.1% (1966) | 11.8 | 31.4% (94) | −11.8 |
| Somewhat reduced | 32.9% (977) | −9.5 | 60.5% (181) | 9.5 |
| Very reduced | 1.0% (31) | −9.0 | 8.0% (24) | 9.0 |
| n | Median | n | Median | |
| Age∗∗∗ | 3010 | 33 | 304 | 39.5 |
| Hearing-related difficulties in social situations∗∗∗ | 2497 | 1.2 | 281 | 1.4 |
| Traumatic/stressful experiences∗∗ | 2966 | 3 | 299 | 3 |
| Poor sleep quality∗∗∗ | 2997 | 2 | 304 | 3 |
| Problematic sleep disturbances∗∗∗ | 2996 | 2 | 304 | 2 |
Factors/categories in bold font indicate significant differences in frequencies (adjusted residuals ≥1.96 or ≤−1.96). ∗∗∗p < 0.001, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗p < 0.05.