Table 2: Meta-analyses of Incident Hypertension and Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea.

Authors	Type of Study	No. Studies	Patients	Groups	Endpoint	Association Pooled RR [95% CI]
Hypertension
	Hou et al. 2018[21]	Meta-analysis	26 studies	51,623	Mild OSA (AHI ≥5) Moderate OSA (AHI ≥15) Severe OSA (AHI ≥30) OSA (AHI ≥5)	New-onset hypertension Resistant hypertension	1.18 [1.09–1.27] 1.32 [1.20–1.43] 2.84 [1.70–3.98] 2.84 [1.70–3.98]
	Xia et al. 2018[22]	Meta-analysis	6 prospective and 1 case–control studies	6,098	AHI ≥5 versus AHI ≥30	New-onset hypertension	1.77 [1.30–2.41]
	Cardiovascular Disease
		Xie et al. 2017[47]	Meta-analysis	16 cohort studies (11 studies in primary prevention)	24,308	Severe OSA (AHI ≥30)	CHD Stroke Heart failure CV mortality All-cause mortality	1.63 [1.18–2.26] 2.15 [1.42–3.24] 1.44 [0.94–2.21] 2.96 [1.45–6.01] 1.54 [1.21–1.97]
		Prevention Studies (CPAP)
			da Silva and Zhang 2019[55]	Meta-analysis	9 RCTs	3,314	CPAP versus control	MI Stroke CV mortality All-cause mortality	1.11 [0.76–1.62] 0.77 [0.46–1.28] 0.58 [0.19–1.74] 0.86 [0.60–1.23]
Khan et al. 2018[56]			Meta-analysis	7 RCTs	4,268	CPAP versus control	MACE* MACE*(≥4 h/night of CPAP use) AF/AFl MI Stroke CV mortality All-cause mortality	0.74 [0.47–1.17] 0.43 [0.23–0.80] 0.87 [0.38–1.97] 0.99 [0.57–1.72] 0.95 [0.72–1.24] 0.70 [0.27–1.80] 0.95 [0.67–1.34]
Deng et al. 2018[45]			Meta-analysis	10 studies (3 RCTs)	1,217	CPAP versus control	Recurrent AF (after catheter ablation)	0.60 [0.51–0.70]

*Non-fatal MI, stroke and cardiovascular mortality. AFl = atrial flutter; AHI = apnoea-hypopnoea index; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; CV = cardiovascular; MACE = major adverse cardiovascular events; OSA = obstructive sleep apnoea; RCT = randomised controlled trial; TIA = transient ischaemic attack.