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. 2020 Aug 7;7(19):2001334. doi: 10.1002/advs.202001334

Figure 7.

Figure 7

A mechanism for the osteogenesis of hMSCs induced by the osteogenic exosomes. a) Colocalization of the exosomes and clathrin/caveolin‐1 protein. Anti‐caovelin‐1 protein is colocalized with the exosomes labeled with the green fluorescence of the hMSCs and the RGD‐peptide blocked hMSCs as well, but anti‐clathrin protein is not as obvious as the anti‐caveolin‐1. The images are captured by the confocal microscopy. b–e) Volcano analysis for the miRNA expression of different osteogenic exosomes. f) Upregulation and g) downregulation of the miRNAs expression (fold change) involved in the osteogenesis of the hMSCs. FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; BMPR2: Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor 2; TRAF6: TNF receptor associated factor; SMAD4: Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4; MAP2K: Mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase; BMP1: Bone morphogenetic protein 1; RUNX2: Runt‐related transcription factor 2. The significant differences are calculated by comparing the EXO‐D4/D0 in each group. Scale bar: 10 µm. *p < 0.05, N = 3; **p < 0.01, N = 3.