Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Articles (n=16)

Characteristics	N (%)
Study Design
Epidemiology	12 (80)
Qualitative	3 (18.75)
Intervention	1 (6.25)
Site
USA	12 (75)
China	1 (6.25)
Kazakhstan	1 (6.25)
South Africa	1 (6.25)
Botswana	1 (6.25)
Syndemic Model
Substance Abuse, Violence, and AIDS (SAVA)	4 (25)
Substance Use, Mental Illness and familial Conflict non-negotiation Model (SUMIC)	1 (6.25)
Unspecified	11 (68.75)
Co-morbid condition with HIV
Mental Health (depression, substance use, PTSD, anxiety, schizophrenia,	15 (93.75)
Physical Health (high blood pressure, diabetes, arthritis)	1 (6.25)