Table 8. Comprehensive table showing different characteristics of nano-particles with special emphasis on lipid based drug carriers .
| Nano-carrier types | Drug | Composition | Cancer Type/ Cell lines investigated | Formulation Characteristics | Outcome | Ref. |
| SNEDDs | Sunitinib malate (SM) |
BLauroglycol-90 (oil), Triton- X100 (surfactant) and Transcutol-P (cosurfactant) |
HT-29 colon cells | PS* 42.3 nm, PDI** (0.174), ZP*** value (-36.4mV) | Optimized SNEDDs formulation was about two times more efficacious in comparison to plain SM | 191 |
| SNEDDs | Etoposide | GT and PGMCE (1:1) Cremophor RH 40, Transcutol P | For cytotoxicity A549 human epithelial lung carcinoma cell lines, and Caco-2 cell monolayers for transportation | PS* 36.01 nm, ZP*** (-27.1mV) | AUC was increased to 7.9 fold compared to etoposide drug suspension | 176 |
| SLN | Galbanic acid | glyceryl palmitostearate (Precirol ATO 5), Poloxamer 407 | A549 cells | PS* 92nm, ZP*** value( -23.39mV), Entrapment efficiency- >98 % | Sustained and enhanced antiproliferative action form GBA-SLN | 86 |
| SLN | Paclitaxel | E.wax and Brij 78 | U-118 and HCT-15 cell lines, brain uptake in situ rat brain perfusion model | PS* <100 nm, with high drug loading. | Significant modulation of p-gp at Blood brain barrier by Brij 78 | 192 |
| Targeted-NLC | Docetaxel | 1,2-Distearoyl-sn-glycero- 3-phosphoethanolamine-N- [amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] | Murine model bearing B16 | PS*168nm, Encapsulation efficiency >95% | Increased accumulation of drug in both tumor and tumor vasculature, therefore successful targeting to VEGFR-2 | 193 |
| SMEDDs | Curcumin | Semi-synthetic oleic acid derived bicephalous heterolipid, E1E, Solutol HS-15, Transcutol HP | Human cervix cancer cell line HeLa | PS* 22.39 nm, PDI** 0.243, Curcumin loading efficiency 70.52 | 26 fold increment in absorption | 194 |
| SMEDDs | Dutasteride | CapryolTM 90, Cremophor® EL, Transcutol® HP | Pharmacokinetic studies in Male Sprague–Dawley rats | PS*35.3nm | 10.5 and 13.2 fold increment in AUC 0→24h and Cmax respectively | 195 |
| Amorphous polymeric NPs | Cisplatin | P(3HV-co-4HB)-b-mPEG amphiphilic block copolymer | MTT assay using DU145 cell line | PS* 155 nm, PDI** 0.154, ZP*** value (-18mV) | The polymeric nanoparticles of cisplatin exhibited sustained drug delivery | 196 |
| PLGA-based nanoparticles | Paclitaxel | PEGylated PLGA-based nanoparticles | MTT assay on Human Cervix Carcinoma cells (HeLa) | PS* 112 nm, PDI** 0.18, ZP*** (-0.556 mv) | The developed nanoparticle exhibited significant anti-proliferative activity compared to Taxol on HeLa cell lines. | 197 |
| Carbon nanotubes | Doxorubicin | Anti body P-gp functionalized hydrophilic single walled nanotubes | Multidrug resistant leukemia (K562R) cells | Effective loading and targeted delivery of doxorubicin | Significant anti-proliferative activity in K562R leukemia cells with 2.4 times higher cytotoxicity | 198 |
| Cyclodextrin based Nanoparticles | Docetaxel | Poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(e-caprolactone) (mePEG-PCL) nano particles with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) coating | MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines | PS* 60-132 nm, ZP*** (-22 and -37mV) , Encapsulation efficiency ranges from 46 and 73% | hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (CD) and PCL based nanoparticles exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines | 199 |
| Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) | Doxorubicin | polyamidoamine (rPAA) with poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG)/dodecyl amine graft | Xenograft MDA-MB-231 breast tumor in mice | PS* ˜150nm | rPAA@SPION effectively inhibited tumor growth in xenograft MDA-MB-231 breast tumor induced mice | 200 |
| Gold nanoparticle | Oxaliplatin | Functionalized with a thiolated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) monolayer capped with a carboxylate group | A549 lung epithelial cancer cell line and colon cancer cell lines HCT116,HCT15, HT29, and RKO | PS* 30-40 nm, | Functionalized NP exhibited 6 fold increments in cytotoxicity in A549 lung epithelial cancer cell line and 5.6-fold more cytotoxic in colon cancer. | 201 |
*PS = Particle Size, **PDI = Polydispersibility index, ***ZP = Zeta Potential, VEGFR-2 = Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, UGT = UDP-glucuronosyltransferase