Table 1.

Overview of Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) constructs and sub-constructs.

Coherence (Sense-making)	Cognitive Participation (Engagement)	Collective Action (Enactment)	Reflexive Monitoring (Appraisal)
Differentiation Viewing policy as new way of working	Initiation Work of actors leading policy implementation	Interactional workability Range of interactions actors encounter in work to enable/hinder tasks	Systematisation Formal or informal collection of information
Communal specification Work undertaken to reach shared understanding of policy aims/outcomes	Enrolment (Re)organising others	Skill set workability Allocating work to appropriately skilled staff as policy implemented	Communal appraisal Actors’ collective evaluation of policy
Individual specification An actor’s understanding of tasks required to carry out policy	Activation Understanding practices required to sustain policy	Relational integration Confidence in new practices to sustain policy	Individual appraisal Individual actor’s understanding of how intervention affects them
Internalisation Perceived worth and benefits of engaging with policy	Legitimation Work to ensure actors recognise their role in policy implementation	Contextual integration Work shaped by resources and policies available	Reconfiguration Actors’ ability to change practices to improve policy outcomes