Table 2.

Pre- and Post-Assessment of Perceived Stress, Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, Low Sense of Personal Achievement, and Sleep Quality (n = 55)

s	Pre-Intervention	Post-Intervention	Mean change	P	Cohen’s d
Perceived Stress	6.3 ± 3.1	5.3 ± 3.5	1.0 ± 2.7	.012	.334
Emotional Exhaustion	19.2 ± 8.3	16.2 ± 9.2	3.0 ± 6.4	.001	.353
Depersonalization	12.5 ± 7.5	9.9 ± 6.1	2.7 ± 5.6	.001	.411
Personal Achievement	34.9 ± 8.0	36.7 ± 7.3	−1.8 ± 5.8	.023	.275
Global Sleep Quality Scorea	7.3 ± 3.2	4.7 ± 2.5	2.6 ± 2.7	<.001	.925
Subjective Sleep Quality Scoreb	1.4 ± .7	.7 ± .7	.7 ± .7	<.001	1.033
Sleep Duration (hours)c	6.7 ± .9	7.1 ± .8	.4 ± .8	.001	.431
Sleep Latency (minutes)d	43.5 ± 64.5	22.1 ± 18.6	21.4 ± 62.7	<.001	.433
Sleep Efficiency (%)e	84.9 ± 10.2	91.0 ± 7.7	5.7 ± 8.6	.021	.673

^a A total score of “5” or greater is indicative of poor sleep quality

^b Subjective Sleep Quality is a rating of sleep quality in the past month, ranging from 0 to 3 with ‘0 = very good’ and ‘3 = very bad’

^cSleep duration is the number of hours of actual sleep a person gets at night

^dSleep latency is the number of minutes it takes to fall asleep each night

^eSleep efficiency is equal to (total number of hours of asleep)/(total number of hours in bed)*100