Table 1.
Characteristics of subjects selected for DNA methylation analysis
| Hypercholesterolemia group (n = 5) | Control group (n = 5) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 43.0 ± 12.6 | 44.6 ± 10.6 | 0.83 |
| Sex, female (%)b | 60 | 60 | ns |
| Weight (kg)a | 88 (80–107.7) | 89.2 (80.2–103.2) | 1 |
| Adipose tissue mass (%)a | 38.3 (30.55–43.25) | 37.4 (30.9–45.3) | 0.47 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 34.0 (29.47–36.9) | 31.7 (28.4–38.9) | 0.676 |
| WHRa | 0.9 (0.81–0.95) | 0.81 (0.79–0.82) | 0.11 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)a | 130 (127.5–140) | 124 (119–130) | 0.095 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)a | 80 (80–90) | 80 (77–86) | 0.53 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 6.31 (5.58–6.64) | 5.0 (4.5–5.25) | 0.06 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 4.27 (3.9–4.8) | 2.74 (2.5–2.95) | < 0.001 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l)a | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 0.25 |
| Non-HDL (mmol/L)a | 5.19 (4.53–5.37) | 3.49 (2.99–4.11) | 0.02 |
| Fasting triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | 0.26 |
| Total fatty acids (µg/mL) | 4118 ± 1226 | 3341 ± 925 | 0.31 |
| Saturated fatty acids (%) | 34.04 ± 1.96 | 32.09 ± 0.85 | 0.08 |
| Monounsaturated fatty acids (%) | 28.52 ± 4.35 | 26.42 ± 4.42 | 0.49 |
| Polyunsaturated fatty acids (%) | 37.43 ± 6.02 | 41.49 ± 4.37 | 0.28 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)a | 5.8 (5.1–6.3) | 4.9 (4.7–5.8) | 0.4 |
| Glucose AUC OLTT (mmol/L min)a | 10.44 (10.0–10.72) | 9.05 (8.78–9.77) | 0.022 |
| Glucose AUC OGTT (mmol/L min)a | 4.4 (3.2–5.0) | 3.26 (2.6–3.45) | 0.06 |
| Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) | 22.8 ± 16.8 | 11.3 ± 4.2 | 0.173 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.0 ± 1.6 | 2.6 ± 1.1 | 0.14 |
| Adiponectin (µg/mL)a | 4.2 (3.55–8.07) | 7.4 (5.58–10.0) | 0.21 |
| Leptin (ng/mL)a | 29.89 (15.18–46.04) | 21.8 (14.16–101.85) | 0.83 |
| Fasting GIP (pg/mL)a | 32.54 (12.3–48.8) | 24.1 (18.1–37.43) | 0.4 |
| FGF19 (pg/mL) | 160.8 ± 61.7 | 151.4 ± 108.7 | 0.62 |
| FGF21 (pg/mL) | 280.4 ± 144.3 | 138.8 ± 92.5 | 0.102 |
Comparison between the high LDL-CH group and controls (unpaired t-test for normally or Mann–Whitney U-test for non-normally distributed a variables). Data shown as mean ± SD; otherwise (a) as median and interquartile range in parentheses except nominal variable (b) shown as % of subjects. b The chi-squared test was used for nominal variable. The statistically significant results are marked in italics