Table 2.
Hypercholesterolemic group (n = 68) | Control group (n = 69) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 50.1 ± 9.8 | 44.6 ± 12.2 | < 0.004 |
Sex, female (%)b | 75 | 70 | ns |
Weight (kg)a | 92.2 (79.87–104.5) | 92.5 (84–104.2) | 0.425 |
Adipose tissue mass (%)a | 39.8 (34.4–42.8) | 38.3 (33.2–42.2) | 0.24 |
BMI (kg/m2)a | 33.0 (30.6–35.6) | 32.1 (30.1–35.7) | 0.45 |
WHRa | 0.9 (0.83–0.98) | 0.85 (0.8–0.975) | 0.23 |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)a | 130 (120–140) | 126 (120–135) | 0.16 |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)a | 85 (80–90) | 81 (80–89.5) | 0.14 |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 6.14 (5.57–6.75) | 4.88 (4.42–5.1) | < 0.001 |
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 4.14 (3.82–4.57) | 2.91 (2.5–3.2) | < 0.001 |
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 | 0.69 |
Non-HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 4.86 (4.45–5.45) | 3.51 (3.14–3.78) | < 0.001 |
Fasting triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.7 ± 0.9 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 0.007 |
Total fatty acids (µg/mL) | 3868.8 ± 851.6 | 3122.6 ± 600.4 | < 0.001 |
Saturated fatty acids (%) | 33.51 ± 2.56 | 32.95 ± 1.88 | 0.16 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids (%) | 26.56 ± 3.34 | 25.37 ± 2.46 | 0.025 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (%) | 39.93 ± 4.61 | 41.65 ± 3.32 | 0.017 |
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)a | 5.4 (4.8–5.8) | 5.0 (4.8–5.5) | 0.025 |
Glucose AUC OLTT (mmol/L min)a | 9.72 (9.1–10.44) | 9.43 (8.88–9.91) | 0.046 |
Glucose AUC OGTT (mmol/L min)a | 3.68 (3.31–4.38) | 3.31 (2.8–3.99) | 0.018 |
Fasting insulin (µIU/mL) | 16.0 ± 8.6 | 15.8 ± 8.2 | 0.95 |
HOMA-IR | 3.7 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 2.2 | 0.78 |
Adiponectin (µg/mL)a | 5.99 (4.38–8.72) | 6.25 (3.84–9.55) | 0.79 |
Leptin (ng/mL)a | 34.74 (22.67–51.95) | 29.16 (19.4–51.84) | 0.29 |
Fasting GIP (pg/mL)a | 29.7 (19.3–44.7) | 24.1 (15.9–33.6) | 0.036 |
FGF19 (pg/mL) | 147.9 ± 88.2 | 123.9 ± 90.6 | 0.035 |
FGF21 (pg/mL) | 261.7 ± 160.6 | 214.2 ± 149.3 | 0.039 |
Comparison between the high LDL-CH group and controls (unpaired t-test for normally or Mann–Whitney U-test for non-normally distributed a variables). Data shown as mean ± SD; otherwise (a) as median and interquartile range in parentheses except nominal variable (b) shown as % of subjects. b The chi-squared test was used for nominal variable. The statistically significant results are marked in italics