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. 2020 Oct 6;13:505. doi: 10.1186/s13071-020-04377-8

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Kinetics of the appearance of IgA⁺ and IgE⁺ cells in the small intestine during early T. spiralis infection. Cells were counted at different dpi in tissue sections at 1000× magnification per 15 villous crypt units (VCU) by two independent observers. Results are expressed as numbers of positive cells mean/VCU ± SD from 5 rats/dpi and 5 control rats. Data were analysed by adjusting to the negative binomial distribution followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (MASS and multcomp packages, respectively). Asterisks (*) indicate significant differences between infected and non-infected animals: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.001. Numerals (#) above bars indicate significant differences between days: ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01