Table 3.
Preclinical non-drug therapies for HCC
| Therapy | Mechanism or pathway | First author/s | Year | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virus or vector | ||||
| LDO-GFP | A HSV-1-based oncolytic vector with strong anti-hepatocellular carcinoma ability | Luo Y | 2019 | [162] |
| Ad5 | Integrat the GP73 promoter and SphK1-shRNA into the Ad5 adenoviral vector to construct GP73-SphK1sR-Ad5 | Bai Y | 2019 | [163] |
| Poxvirus | Insert the IL-37 gene into the poxvirus genome and successfully constructed recombinant VV-IL37 | Zhang ZH | 2019 | [164] |
| Mesenchymal stem cells | ||||
| Bone marrow MSCs | Co-treatment of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with melatonin | Mohamed Y | 2019 | [167] |
| Adipose tissue MSCs | Enhance the inhibition of RT, might related to the up-regulation of p53 and caspases expression, signal transduction and down-regulation of STAT3 and MMPs | Wu LY | 2019 | [168] |
| Biological clock | Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/akt/mTor, Hedgehog and MAPK signal pathways | Mazzoccoli | 2018 | [169] |
| Gut microbiome composition | qualitative and quantitative changes in gut microbiome composition and derangement in the gut-liver axis | Meroni M | 2019 | [171] |
| Bioartificial liver devices | Mimics liver metabolism and provides liver function support after liver resection or transplantation | Leikin J | 2018 | [175] |
| GPC3 peptide vaccine | High anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity | Tsuchiya N | 2017 | [180] |
HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma), HSV-1 (hereditary virus type 1), MSCs (mesenchymal stem cells), STAT3 (transcriptional activation factor 3), MMPs (matrix metallopeptidases), GPC3 (Glypican-3).