Table 3.

Summary of studies on the impact of COVID-19 in PD.

Study Author & Title	Observations/Learning Points
1) Antonini et al. 2020 [5] Outcome of Parkinson's Disease patients affected by COVID‐19	Patients of older age with longer disease duration are particularly susceptible to COVID‐19 with a substantially high mortality rate (40%) Patients on advanced therapies, such as deep brain stimulation or levodopa infusion therapy, seem especially vulnerable with a mortality rate of 50%
2) Prasad et al. 2020 [6] Parkinson's Disease and COVID ‐19: Perceptions and Implications in Patients and Caregivers	Most patients were not aware that there may be interactions between COVID-19 and PD Amongst the small (8% of patients and 4% of caregivers) who perceived a higher risk of contracting COVID-19, lower immunity and old age were cited as risk factors Problems related to the pandemic were associated with access to healthcare and medication
3) Fasano et al. 2020 [2] COVID ‐19 in Parkinson's Disease Patients Living in Lombardy, Italy	PD patients who contracted COVID-19 were of younger age and associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, and lower vitamin D compared to controls
4) Kobylecki et al. 2020 [1] Phenomenology and outcomes of in-patients with Parkinson's disease during COVID-19 pandemic	Higher mortality rates in hospitalised patients with idiopathic PD during the pandemic period Possible mechanisms of increased mortality: delay in seeking medical attention, lack of service capacity to escalate decompensation in parkinsonism
5) Cilia et al. 2020 [3] Effects of COVID-19 on Parkinson's Disease Clinical Features: A Community-Based Case-Control Study	Mild to moderate COVID‐19 may be contracted independently of age and PD duration COVID-19 induces worsening motor and nonmotor symptoms of PD Motor symptoms include levodopa-responsive symptoms and increased off time, potentially due to inflammatory response and/or pharmacokinetics Non-motor symptoms include increased fatigue, but not cognitive dysfunction or autonomic failure.
6) Shalash et al. 2020 [4] Mental Health, Physical Activity, and Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease During COVID-19 Pandemic	PD patients showed worse stress, depression, and anxiety levels relative to pre-lockdown levels PD patients had a decline in physical activity as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) scores, which correlated negatively with the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS)
7) Salari et al. 2020 [12] Incidence of Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID‐19) Pandemic	PD disease duration did not correlate with severity of anxiety, but severity of anxiety correlated strongly with the fear of getting COVID19 PD patients who were concerned about drug availability during the lockdown had higher levels of anxiety
8) Fasano et al. 2020 [11] Management of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease Patients in times of Humanitarian crisis: the COVID‐19 experience	Pump-based therapies (ie. Levodopa-carbidopa intestinal gel, apomorphine) can be temporarily converted to oral levodopa Teleconsultations and remote programming can help patients receiving Deep Brain Stimulation therapy