TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Mealtime URLi | Mealtime lispro | Post‐meal URLi | Overall | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 451 | N = 442 | N = 329 | N = 1222 | |
| Age, years | 44.1 ± 13.7 | 44.5 ± 13.6 | 44.5 ± 14.3 | 44.4 ± 13.8 |
| Men, % | 55.4 | 57.9 | 55.3 | 56.3 |
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| American Indian or Alaska native | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (0.6) | 3 (0.2) |
| Asian | 86 (19.1) | 78 (17.6) | 63 (19.1) | 227 (18.6) |
| Black or African American | 7 (1.6) | 9 (2.0) | 5 (1.5) | 21 (1.7) |
| Multiple | 10 (2.2) | 11 (2.5) | 5 (1.5) | 26 (2.1) |
| Not reported | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) |
| White | 346 (76.7) | 344 (77.8) | 254 (77.2) | 944 (77.3) |
| Hispanic or Latino, n (%) | 35 (7.8) | 33 (7.5) | 35 (10.6) | 103 (8.4) |
| Weight, kg | 77.3 ± 16.2 | 77.3 ± 16.7 | 77.6 ± 17.3 | 77.4 ± 16.7 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.6 ± 4.2 | 26.4 ± 4.3 | 26.7 ± 4.6 | 26.6 ± 4.4 |
| Duration of diabetes, years | 18.8 ± 12.3 | 19.1 ± 12.0 | 18.8 ± 11.7 | 18.9 ± 12.0 |
| Prandial insulin at study entry, n (%) | ||||
| Insulin aspart | 218 (48.3) | 216 (48.9) | 163 (49.5) | 597 (48.9) |
| Insulin glulisine | 51 (11.3) | 65 (14.7) | 40 (12.2) | 156 (12.8) |
| Insulin lispro | 182 (40.4) | 161 (36.4) | 126 (38.3) | 469 (38.4) |
| Basal insulin during study, n (%) | ||||
| Insulin glargine once daily | 212 (47.0) | 219 (49.5) | 153 (46.5) | 584 (47.8) |
| Insulin glargine twice daily | 42 (9.3) | 30 (6.8) | 27 (8.2) | 99 (8.1) |
| Insulin degludec | 197 (43.7) | 193 (43.7) | 149 (45.3) | 539 (44.1) |
| Bolus insulin plan during study, n (%) | ||||
| Carbohydrate counting | 201 (44.6) | 205 (46.4) | 148 (45.0) | 554 (45.3) |
| Pattern‐adjustment algorithm | 250 (55.4) | 237 (53.6) | 181 (55.0) | 668 (54.7) |
| Personal CGM/FGM use, n (%) | 45 (10.0) | 51 (11.5) | 46 (14.0) | 142 (11.6) |
| HbA1c at study entry | ||||
| mmol/mol | 64.4 ± 7.1 | 64.2 ± 7.3 | 64.2 ± 6.7 | 64.3 ± 7.1 |
| % | 8.04 ± 0.65 | 8.02 ± 0.67 | 8.03 ± 0.61 | 8.03 ± 0.65 |
| HbA1c at baseline | ||||
| mmol/mol | 56.7 ± 7.1 | 56.7 ± 7.3 | 56.9 ± 7.0 | 56.7 ± 7.1 |
| % | 7.34 ± 0.65 | 7.33 ± 0.67 | 7.36 ± 0.64 | 7.34 ± 0.65 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CGM, continuous glucose monitoring; FGM, flash glucose monitoring; HbA1c, glycated haemoglobin; URLi, ultra rapid lispro.
Data are mean ± SD, unless otherwise stated.