Table 1.
Clinical trials of metformin in different cancers
| Cancer type | No. of cases | Country | Ending point | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pan-cancer | 1,353 | Netherlands | Cancer-specific mortality | [13] |
| Pan-cancer | 10,309 | Canada | Cancer-specific mortality | [14] |
| Pan-cancer | 112,408 | U.K. | Cancer-specific mortality | [15] |
| Pan-cancer | 21,595 | Systematic Review | Cancer-specific mortality | [16] |
| Breast cancer | 5,634 | China | The 5-year survival rates | [17] |
| Breast cancer | 8,381 | Multiple countries | DFS, DDFS and OS | [18] |
| Liver cancer | 162 | China | The 5-year survival rate | [19] |
| NSCLC | 750 | SEER-Medicare Database | Survival rate | [20] |
| CRC | 47,597 | China | Survival rate | [21] |
| Prostate cancer | 2901 | United States | PSA-RFA, DMFS, PCSM and OS | [22] |
| Endometrial cancer | 4132 | meta-analysis | Cancer-specific mortality | [23] |
DFS: Disease-free survival; DDFS: Distant disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer; CRC: Colorectal cancer; PSA-RFS: Prostate-specific antigen-recurrence-free survival; DMFS: Distant metastases-free survival; PCSM: Prostate cancer-specific mortality.