DOX promoted the differentiation of BMMs into osteoclast directly. A. Effects of DOX on BMMs viability at 24, 48 or 72 h. B. Live/dead staining obtained for the activity of DOX against BMMs. C-E. TRAP-positive BMMs treated with different concentrations of DOX followed by the stimulation with M-CSF and RANKL for 5 days. Quantification of TRAP-positive multinuclear cells, area of osteoclasts. F. Immunofluorescence detection of TRAP-positive BMMs in cultured for 5 days. G. NFATc1, c-Fos and TRAP expression in BMMs treated with the indicated DOX concentrations for 24 h or 48 h and quantified. *P<0.05 and #P<0.01 vs the control group. H. NFATc1 and c-Fos expression levels in BMMs treated with indicated DOX concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5 nM) for 2 days. *P<0.05 and #P<0.01 vs the control group.