Table 1.
Characteristics of the 263 patients hospitalized for a SARS-CoV-2 infection proven by RT-PCR included in the Covid-Clinic-Toul cohort until April 20, 2020.
| Variables | All patients (n = 263) | Patients admitted to the ICU at Day 1 of hospitalization |
Among the patients not admitted to the ICU at D1 of hospitalization (n = 213) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n = 50; 19.0%) | No (n = 213; 81.0%) | Admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation or death at Day 14 (n = 72; 33.8%) | No admission to ICU, mechanical ventilation or death at Day 14 (n = 141; 66.2%) | ||
| Age, median (IQR), years | 65 (54–76) | 67 (56–73) | 64 (53–76) | 69 (60–79) | 63 (50–74) |
| Men, n (%) | 155 (58.9) | 33 (66.0) | 122 (57.3) | 49 (68.1) | 73 (51.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| ≥ 1 comorbidity, n (%) | 227 (86.3) | 42 (84.0) | 185 (86.9) | 67 (93.1) | 118 (83.7) |
| Overweight (BMI: 25–30 kg/m2), n (%) | 88/244 (36.1) | 14/50 (28) | 74/194 (38.1) | 29/68 (42.7) | 45/126 (35.7) |
| Obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2), n (%) | 69/244 (28.3) | 21/50 (42.0) | 48/194 (24.7) | 19/68 (27.9) | 29/126 (23.0) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 104 (39.5) | 19 (38.0) | 85 (39.9) | 37 (51.4) | 48 (34.0) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 52 (19.8) | 11 (22.0) | 41 (19.2) | 19 (26.4) | 22 (15.6) |
| Cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 35 (13.3) | 6 (12.0) | 29 (13.6) | 13 (18.1) | 16 (11.3) |
| Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) | 17 (6.5) | 2 (4.0) | 15 (7.0) | 6 (8.3) | 9 (6.4) |
| Chronic lung disease, n (%) | 57 (21.6) | 11 (22.0) | 46 (21.6) | 19 (26.4) | 27 (19.1) |
| Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 24 (9.1) | 3 (6.0) | 21 (9.8) | 9 (12.5) | 12 (8.5) |
| Chronic liver disease, n (%) | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (2.7) | 0 (0) |
| Malignancy < 5 years, n (%) | 27 (10.3) | 5 (10.0) | 22 (10.3) | 10 (13.9) | 12 (8.5) |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 24 (9.1) | 4 (8.0) | 20 (9.4) | 10 (13.9) | 10 (7.1) |
| Current smokers, n (%)a | 11/115 (9.3) | 4/16 (25.0) | 7/99 (7.1) | 3/35 (8.6) | 4/64 (6.3) |
| Exposure to selected drugs | |||||
| NSAIDs, n (%) | 6 (2.3) | 1 (2.0) | 5 (2.3) | 1 (1.4) | 4 (2.8) |
| Corticosteroids, n (%) | 19 (7.2) | 3 (6.0) | 16 (7.5) | 8 (11.1) | 8 (5.7) |
| ACE inhibitors, n (%) | 31 (11.8) | 4 (8.0) | 27 (12.7) | 11 (15.3) | 16 (11.3) |
| ARBs, n (%) | 45 (17.1) | 12 (24.0) | 33 (15.5) | 15 (20.8) | 18 (12.8) |
| Signs and symptoms | |||||
| Cough, n (%) | 179/241 (74.3) | 30/41 (73.2) | 149/200 (74.5) | 45/62 (72.6) | 104/138 (75.4) |
| Crackling, n (%) | 156/248 (62.9) | 33/44 (75.0) | 123/204 (60.3) | 44/69 (63.8) | 79/135 (58.5) |
| Confusion, n (%) | 21/255 (8.2) | 3/45 (6.7) | 18/210 (8.6) | 6/70 (8.6) | 12/140 (8.6) |
| Diarrhea, n (%) | 83/234 (35.5) | 14/37 (37.8) | 69/197 (35.0) | 19/65 (29.2) | 50/132 (37.9) |
| Anosmia, n (%) | 27/87 (31.0) | 5/14 (35.7) | 22/73 (30.1) | 4/22 (18.2) | 18/51 (35.3) |
| Dysgeusia, n (%) | 33/83 (39.8) | 5/14 (35.7) | 28/69 (40.6) | 4/21 (19.0) | 24/48 (50.0) |
| Time from first symptoms to admissiona, median (IQR), days | 7 (4 –10) | 8 (6 –11) | 7 (4 –10) | 7 (4–8) | 7 (4–10) |
| Vital signs at admissiona | |||||
| Temperature, median (IQR), Celsius degrees | 37.8 (37.0–38.5) | 37.8 (37.1–38.5) | 37.8 (37.0–38.5) | 38.0 (37.2–38.8) | 37.6 (37.0–38.3) |
| Heart rate, median (IQR), by minute | 90 (77–100) | 90 (80–100) | 90 (76–101) | 90 (81–100) | 88 (75–101) |
| Respiratory rate, median (IQR), by minute | 22 (19–17) | 25 (20–30) | 22 (18–26) | 24 (19–28) | 22 (18–25) |
| Systolic arterial pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 130 (120–140) | 128 (120–135) | 130 (119–140) | 130 (119–140) | 130 (119–140) |
| Diastolic arterial pressure, median (IQR), mmHg | 76 (67–85) | 78 (70–81) | 76 (67–86) | 74 (62–87) | 77 (70–85) |
| Oxygen saturation ≤ 92% (without oxygen therapy), n (%) | 58/202 (28.7) | 19/22 (86.4) | 39/180 (21.6) | 22/56 (39.3) | 17/124 (13.7) |
| With oxygen therapy before admission, n (%) | 59/261 (22.6) | 28/49 (57.1) | 31/212 (14.6) | 15/71 (21.1) | 16/140 (11.4) |
| Laboratory findings at admissiona | |||||
| Lymphocyte count, median (IQR), × 109/L | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Platelet count, median (IQR), × 109/L | 186 (150–233) | 184 (140–233) | 186 (154–236) | 175 (134–211) | 192 (160–244) |
| C-reactive protein level, median (IQR), mg/L | 52.4 (27.0–107.6) | 110.9 (50.3–220.5) | 46.2 (22.0–88.8) | 73.7 (30.5–107.9) | 39.5 (19.3–74.3) |
| Creatinine level, median (IQR), μmol/L | 80 (66–97) | 80.0 (67.0–112.0) | 79 (65–95) | 86 (73–109) | 76 (63–92) |
| Serum ferritin, median (IQR), μg/L | 972 (399–1820) | 1570 (792–2484) | 863 (305–1622) | 1326 (594–1986) | 661 (280–1622) |
| D-dimers, median (IQR), μg/L | 780 (555–1300) | 1200 (1040–2870) | 740 (540–1170) | 765 (670–1790) | 710 (460–1170) |
| Troponin > 14 ng/L, n (%) | 43/113 (38.1) | 15/29 (51.7) | 28/84 (33.3) | 15/31 (48.4) | 13/53 (24.5) |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (UI/L), median (IQR) | 332 (258–428) | 389 (338–590) | 295 (236–351) | 308 (252–635) | 285 (228–336) |
| Chest CT scan at admission | 253 (96.2) | 49 (98.0) | 204 (95.8) | 71 (98.6) | 133 (94.3) |
| Chest CT scan severity score | |||||
| No typical sign of COVID-19, n (%) | 10 (4.0) | 2 (4.1) | 8 (3.9) | 2 (2.8) | 6 (4.5) |
| Mild, n (%) | 34 (13.4) | 1 (2.0) | 33 (16.2) | 12 (16.9) | 21 (15.8) |
| Moderate, n (%) | 139 (54.9) | 17 (34.7) | 122 (59.8) | 29 (40.8) | 93 (69.9) |
| Severe, n (%) | 64 (25.3) | 24 (49.0) | 40 (19.6) | 27 (38.0) | 13 (9.8) |
| Critical, n (%) | 6 (2.4) | 5 (10.2) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (1.4) | 0 (0) |
| Treatment administered during the first 24 hours after admission | |||||
| Oxygen therapy, n (%) | 212 (80.6) | 50 (100) | 162 (76.1) | 66 (91.7) | 96 (68.1) |
| Antibiotics, n (%) | 165 (62.7) | 48 (96.0) | 117 (54.9) | 55 (76.4) | 62 (44.0) |
| Hydroxychloroquine, n (%) | 33 (12.5) | 19 (38.0) | 14 (6.6) | 9 (12.5) | 5 (3.5) |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir, n (%) | 9 (3.4) | 5 (10.0) | 4 (1.9) | 4 (5.6) | 0 (0) |
| Remdesivir | 1 (1.9) | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Detailed outcomes at Day 14 after admission | |||||
| Admission to ICU, n (%) | 111 (42.2) | 50 (100) | 61 (28.6) | 61 (84.7) | – |
| Mechanical ventilation, n (%) | 61 (23.2) | 29 (58.0) | 32 (15.0) | 32 (45.7) | – |
| Death, n (%) | 19 (7.2) | 4 (8.0) | 15 (7.0) | 15 (20.8) | – |
| Discharged, n (%) | 173 (65.8) | 21 (42.0) | 152 (71.4) | 32 (44.4) | 120 (85.1) |
ACE: angiotensin converting enzyme; ARBs: angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI: body mass index; CT: computed tomography; ICU: intensive care unit; IQR: interquartile range; NSAIDs: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; RT-PCR: reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
a
Missing values: current smoker, n = 148; time from first symptoms to admission, n = 2; temperature, n = 7; heart rate, n = 7; respiratory rate, n = 12; arterial pressure, systolic/diastolic, n = 6; oxygen saturation, n = 2; lymphocyte count, n = 35; platelet count, n = 10; C-reactive protein, n = 9; creatinine level, n = 6; serum ferritin, n = 200; d-dimers, n = 227; troponin, n = 150, lactate dehydrogenase, n = 213.