Table 5.

In vitro studies of Dorema spp.

Species	Part used	Type of extraction	Activity	Tested pathogen/cell	Result(s)	Ref
D. aucheri	Gum	Dichloromethane, methanol extract	Anti-microbial activity	E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans	MIC: 20 and 40 mg/mL	[59]
D. ammoniacum	Oleogum resin	Dichloromethane and methanol extract	Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal	G+ and G–	C: 500 and 1000 µg/mL	[60]
D. ammoniacum	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	Anti-microbial activity	S. aureus Enterococcus sp. C. albicans E. coli	MIC:78 µg/mL	[61]
D. aucheri	Aerial parts	Methanol extract	Anti-microbial and anti-oxidative	B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli S. enterica	MIC: 10-50 mg/mL	[62]
D. ammoniacum	Ripe fruit	Essential oil	Anti-microbial activity	B. subtilis S. epidermidis	MIC: 3.75 mg/mL	[22]
D. aucheri	Leaf	Ethanol extract	Anti-bacterial activity	S. pyogenes P. aeruginosa	MIC and MBC. 30 and 40 mg/mL	[63]
D. aucheri	Aerial parts	Hydro-alcoholic extract	Cytotoxicity	Artemia urmiana larve (lethaling brine shrimp)	LC50 76.50 ± 0.60 μg/mL	[64]
D. kopetdaghense	Aerial parts	Kopetdaghins A, C and E	Anti-inflammatory effect	J774A.1 murine macrophages	IC50: 474.1 ± 0.9, 496.4 ± 0.7 and 514.3 ± 0.4 μg/mL	[2]
D. aucheri	Aerial parts	Water/ethanol extract	Anti-coccidial effects	Fecal samples	lowest (1.60) and the highest body weight (1.75) FCR	[65]
D. aucheri	Roots	EtOAc extract	No scavenging, and anti-bacterial activities	E. coli, S. flexneri S. aureus B. subtilis	MIC: 0.156, E. coliIC50: 113.74 ± 0.21and 597.64 ± 0.33 μg/mL	[66]
D. aucheri	Aerial parts	Hydroalcoholic and aqueous extracts	Genotoxicity evaluation	HepG2 cell line	Genotoxic effect: 500 μg/mL	[67]
D. glabrum	Root	n-hexane extracts	Apoptosis and cell cycle arrest	Cancer cells	IC50: 6.4,4.6 μg/mL	[68]
D. glabrum	Seed	Methanol extracts	Apoptotic effects	WEHI-164 cells	Apoptosis and antiproliferative properties	[69]
D. ammoniacum	Oleogum resin	Methanol extracts	Cytotoxic effects	Saccaromyces cerevisiae	IC12: 3.14 mg/mL	[70]
D. aucheri	Aerial part	Methanol extracts	Cytotoxic activity	HepG2 and A549 cells	IC50: 20.09, 48.65 μg/mL	[71]
D. glabrum	Seed	Methanol extracts	Cytotoxic effects	WEHI-164 cells, mouse Fibrosarcoma cell line and L929 normal cells	IC50: 50 μg/mL in 36 hours	[72]
D. glabrum	Seeds	Methanol extract	Geno/cytotoxicty and apoptotic	CAOV-4 cells	IC50: 99.7, 87.3, 70.03 μg/mL at 48 h	[73]
D. glabrum	Roots	Essential oil	Free radical scavenging	DPPH assay	RC50: 2.24 mg/mL	[23]
D. glabrum	Aerial parts	Methanol fraction	Antioxidant	DPPH assay	IC50: 53.3 ± 4.7 μg/mL	[21]