Table 2.
Crude and adjusted relative risks (RRs) for HIV care interruption (HCI), for return to HIV care and for experiencing a gap during HCI, Belgium, 2007–2016
| All patients in HIV care | Patients in HCI | Patients who returned to care | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude RR for HCI | Adjusted RR for HCI | Crude HR for return | Adjusted* HR for return | Crude OR for gap | Adjusted* OR for gap | |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Female | 1.1 (1.1–1.2) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) |
| Age | ||||||
| 18–24 years | 3.4 (3.0–3.9) | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | 6.1 (4.2–9.1) | 3.9 (2.5–6.2) |
| 25–39 years | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 1.6 (1.4–1.7) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.2 (1.1–1.4) | 3.2 (2.6–4.0) | 2.5 (1.9–3.2) |
| 40–49 years | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | 1.7 (1.3–2.1) |
| ≥ 50 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Mode of HIV acquisition | ||||||
| Heterosexual | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| MSM | 0.7 (0.7–0.8) | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) |
| IDU | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| MTCT | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.8 (0.9–3.6) | 1.6 (0.7–3.7) |
| Other | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 0.9 (0.5–1.8) |
| Nationality | ||||||
| Belgian | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| SSA | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) | 0.8 (0.7–0.8) | 0.7 (0.7–0.8) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| European | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) | 1.8 (1.6–2.0) | 0.4 (0.4–0.5) | 0.5 (0.4–0.6) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
| Other | 2.0 (1.7–2.2) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | 0.7 (0.5–0.8) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
| Systolic BP | ||||||
| Normal | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| High | 0.7 (0.7–0.8) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.7 (0.6–0.9) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) |
| Obesity | ||||||
| BMI < 30 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
| Smoking | ||||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Yes | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Time since HIV diagnosis | ||||||
| < 1 year | 3.2 (2.9–3.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) | 0.5 (0.4–0.5) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 4.4 (3.3–5.9) | 1.4 (0.7–2.0) |
| 1 to 3 years | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.7 (0.6–0.7) | 0.7 (0.7–0.8) | 2.8 (2.2–3.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| > 3 to 10 years | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.8–0.9) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) |
| > 10 years | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| CD4 count | ||||||
| ≥ 350 cells/µL | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| < 350 cells/µL | 2.4 (2.2–2.6) | 2.2 (2.0–2.4) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) |
| ART | ||||||
| Yes | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| No | 4.6 (4.3–4.9) | 4.4 (4.1–4.7) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 7.0 (5.6–8.8) | 5.3 (4.1–6.9) |
| Degree of urbanization | ||||||
| Low | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) |
| Mid | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| High | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.1) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
| Municipality income | ||||||
| Low | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Mid | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| High | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Regularity of HIV care | ||||||
| Regular | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
| Not regular | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) |
P < 0.05 statistically significant variables shown in boldface.
ART, antiretroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; HR, hazard ratio; IDU, injecting drug use; MSM, men who have sex with men; MTCT, mother to child transmission; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; SSA, sub‐Saharan African.
*
Relative risks are adjusted for all variables statistically significant in univariate analysis and HIV reference centre (HRC) and year of HIV care (year of HCI for the analyses of return to care and gap in care).