Table 4.
Univariate and multivariable regression analysis of predictors of MDR infection among patients with HAP
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p value | OR (95% CI) | p value | |
| Liver cirrhosis | 2.575 (1.273–5.212) | 0.009 | 3.120 (1.436–6.780) | 0.004 |
| Solid tumor | 0.754 (0.619–0.918) | 0.005 | 0.760 (0.614–0.941) | 0.012 |
| CPIS score ≥7 | 1.195 (1.031–1.385) | 0.018 | ||
| Infection occurred within 72 h of admission | 0.784 (0.650–0.945) | 0.011 | ||
| Tracheal cannula | 1.577 (1.356–1.834) | <0.001 | ||
| Time of tracheal cannula (≥7 days) | 1.573 (1.334–1.855) | <0.001 | ||
| Hospitalizations within the last 90 days | 1.177 (1.006–1.378) | 0.042 | ||
| Infection occurred in ICU | 1.797 (1.541–2.096) | <0.001 | 1.555 (1.304–1.854) | <0.001 |
| Transferred from other hospitals | 1.313 (1.120–1.539) | 0.001 | 1.284 (1.064–1.551) | 0.009 |
| Previous treatment with third- or fourth-generation cephalosporins | 1.459 (1.230–1.731) | <0.001 | 1.226 (1.012–1.485) | 0.037 |
| Previous treatment with penicillin | 1.292 (1.003–1.665) | 0.048 | ||
| Previous treatment with aminoglycosides | 1.471 (1.065–2.032) | 0.019 | ||
| Previous treatment with quinolones | 1.435 (1.190–1.731) | <0.001 | ||
| Previous treatment with carbapenem | 1.952 (1.609–2.368) | <0.001 | 1.532 (1.228–1.911) | <0.001 |
| Previous treatment with glycopeptides | 1.833 (1.432–2.437) | <0.001 | 1.335 (1.006–1.770) | 0.045 |
| Previous treatment with a combination of antibiotics | 1.514 (1.260–1.820) | <0.001 | ||
HAP hospital-acquired pneumonia, CPIS clinical pulmonary infection score, ICU intensive care unit, MDR multidrug-resistant, CRAB carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, CRPA carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CRE carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus