Table 1. Descriptive statistics of giving, empathy (i.e., perspective-taking and empathic concern), general contributions to society, opportunities for prosocial actions,, mood (i.e., vigor and tension), altruistic and dire prosociality, and social value orientation prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
| Measure | No. of items | Min. Score | Max. Score | Mean Score (SD) | Skewness | Kurtosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Donated Coins Daily Diaries Day 1 (N = 53) | ||||||
| Unfamiliar Peer | 1 | 0 | 6 | 3.91 (1.62) | -1.42 | 1.00 |
| Friend | 1 | 3 | 10 | 5.11 (.89) | 3.16 | 17.74 |
| Individual with poor immune system | 1 | 4 | 10 | 6.25 (1.54) | -.25 | -.54 |
| Individual with COVID-19 | 1 | 3 | 10 | 6.89 (1.86) | .51 | -.61 |
| Doctor working at a hospital | 1 | 3 | 10 | 7.79 (1.78) | 1.04 | .67 |
| Donated Coins Daily Diaries Day 15 (N = 36) | ||||||
| Unfamiliar Peer | 1 | 0 | 6 | 4.25 (1.27) | -1.56 | 2.29 |
| Friend | 1 | 4 | 10 | 5.31 (1.06) | 3.10 | 11.36 |
| Individual with poor immune system | 1 | 3 | 10 | 5.67 (1.53) | .17 | -1.18 |
| Individual with COVID-19 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 6.25 (1.95) | -.23 | 1.02 |
| Doctor working at a hospital | 1 | 4 | 10 | 7.44 (1.84) | .55 | .64 |
| Empathy: Perspective-taking | ||||||
| T1 (N = 51) | 6 | 1.17 | 3.50 | 2.51 (.60) | -.45 | -.66 |
| T2 (N = 53) | 6 | 1.00 | 3.83 | 2.58 (.58) | -.25 | .95 |
| Daily diaries (average day 1, 5, 10, 15; N = 53) | 6 | 1.04 | 3.94 | 2.75 (.62) | -.47 | .33 |
| Empathy: Empathic Concern | ||||||
| T1 (N = 51) | 6 | 1.33 | 3.83 | 2.68 (.59) | .07 | -.62 |
| T2 (N = 53) | 6 | 1.00 | 4.00 | 2.63 (.66) | -.00 | -.13 |
| Daily diaries (average day 1, 5, 10, 15; N = 53) | 6 | 1.13 | 3.04 | 2.32 (.42) | -.58 | -.04 |
| General Contributions to Society T2 (N = 53) | ||||||
| T2 (N = 53) | 3 | 3.67 | 10.00 | 7.18 (1.16) | -.40 | .78 |
| Daily diaries (average day 1, 5, 10, 15; N = 53) | 3 | 3.50 | 9.42 | 7.25 (1.14) | -.65 | 1.09 |
| Opportunities for prosocial actions | ||||||
| T1 (N = 51) | 3 | 1.00 | 5.67 | 3.55 (1.43) | -.33 | -.10 |
| T1.5 (N = 51) | 3 | 1.17 | 5.92 | 3.75 (1.05) | -.21 | -.22 |
| T2 (N = 53) | 3 | 1.00 | 6.00 | 3.94 (1.18) | -.53 | -.04 |
| Week 1 (N = 52) | 3 | 1.00 | 5.00 | 3.03 (1.20) | -.08 | -1.04 |
| Week 2 (N = 39) | 3 | 1.00 | 5.33 | 2.80 (1.32) | .27 | -.99 |
| Week 3 (N = 40) | 3 | 1.00 | 5.80 | 2.96 (1.22) | .10 | -.36 |
| Mood: Vigor | ||||||
| T1.5 (N = 43) | 5 | 1.58 | 3.67 | 2.75 (.49) | -.43 | .22 |
| Week 1 (N = 52) | 5 | 1.44 | 4.60 | 3.12 (.81) | -.18 | -.56 |
| Week 2 (N = 39) | 5 | 1.64 | 5.00 | 3.33 (.81) | -.09 | -.10 |
| Week 3 (N = 40) | 5 | 1.40 | 5.00 | 3.25 (.90) | -.13 | -.16 |
| Mood: Tension | ||||||
| T1.5 (N = 43) | 6 | 1.00 | 4.33 | 2.15 (.85) | .58 | -.52 |
| Week 1 (N = 52) | 6 | 1.00 | 4.11 | 1.77 (.76) | 1.15 | .80 |
| Week 2 (N = 39) | 6 | 1.00 | 2.67 | 1.45 (.46) | 1.20 | .80 |
| Week 3 (N = 40) | 6 | 1.00 | 3.44 | 1.65 (.67) | 1.04 | .36 |
| Dire prosociality | ||||||
| T1 (N = 52) | 3 | 2.67 | 5.00 | 3.84 (.70) | .047 | -.79 |
| T2 (N = 51) | 3 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 3.77 (.83) | -.46 | -.43 |
| Week 1 (N = 52) | 3 | 1.56 | 5.00 | 3.81 (.81) | -.49 | -.13 |
| Week 2 (N = 39) | 3 | 1.67 | 5.00 | 3.70 (.90) | -.36 | -.51 |
| Week 3 (N = 40) | 3 | 1.42 | 5.00 | 3.67 (.89) | -.68 | .40 |
| Altruistic prosociality | ||||||
| T1 (N = 52) | 6 | 1.83 | 5.00 | 4.28 (.59) | -1.84 | 4.98 |
| T2 (N = 51) | 6 | 2.00 | 5.00 | 4.25 (.52) | -1.54 | 5.45 |
| Week 1 (N = 52) | 6 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 4.11 (.65) | -.79 | .04 |
| Week 2 (N = 39) | 6 | 2.63 | 5.00 | 4.17 (.63) | -.70 | .00 |
| Week 3 (N = 40) | 6 | 2.67 | 5.00 | 4.19 (.66) | -.89 | -.08 |
| Social Value Orientation (SVO) | ||||||
| T1 | 6 | 14.74 | 45.00 | 34.05 (7.30) | -.80 | .52 |
| T2 | 6 | 7.82 | 61.39 | 35.50 (7.91) | -.09 | 3.91 |
| Day 1 daily diary study | 6 | 7.82 | 53.37 | 35.12 (7.43) | -.68 | 2.94 |
| Day 15 daily diary study | 6 | 16.14 | 45.89 | 35.79 (6.80) | -.93 | 1.43 |
Note: Minimum and maximum scores represent the actual (i.e., not possible) scores that were made by participants.