Table 2.

Effect of sex and age on physical function measures. Results generated from generalized additive models (GAMs), stratified by group (no age × sex interaction) and by group and sex (age × sex interaction present). edf, estimated degrees of freedom; F, F-statistic; * indicates p-value is significant at the p = 0.05 level. See electronic supplementary material for full GAMs (electronic supplementary material, tables S4–S7), GAMs adjusted for body measurements (electronic supplementary material, tables S8–S15), summary statistics (electronic supplementary material, table S16) and generalized linear models (GLMs; for measures where edf = 1; electronic supplementary material, tables S17–S20).

group	variable	n	sex × age interaction	effect of sex				effect of s(age)
				est.	s.e.	t-value	p-value	sex	edf	F	p-value
Hadza	ENMO	53 (29M, 24F)	no; p = 0.49	−6.74	4.32	−1.56	0.13	both	1	5.11	0.03*
	MVPA	49 (27M, 22F)	no; p = 0.71	−13.99	26.14	−0.54	0.60	both	1	6.87	0.01*
	walk test	32 (18M, 14F)	no; p = 0.34	14.54	8.88	1.64	0.11	both	1.15	1.27	0.33
	gripstrength	124 (75M, 49F)	yes; p = 0.02*	4.90	1.11	4.40	2.51e−5*	male	5.37	19.53	<2e−16*
								female	4.65	9.29	5.68e−8*
Pokot	ENMO	39 (22M, 17F)	no; p = 0.96	8.97	3.42	2.63	0.01*	both	1	10.72	2.29e−3*
	MVPAa	31 (20M, 11F)	no; p = 0.72	27.95	16.91	1.65	0.11	both	1.02	28.52	6.69e−6*
	walk test	45 (22M, 23F)	no; p = 0.86	15.06	7.54	2.00	0.05	both	1.98	3.91	0.03*
	grip strength	45 (22M, 23F)	yes; p = 6.36e−4*	13.11	2.05	6.40	1.46e−07*	male	3.21	5.96	6.93e−4*
								female	1	0.30	0.59

^aThe authors have previously published [29] on physical activity levels in this Pokot sample and used GLMs to assess the effect of age on MVPA.