Figure 2.

Total cholesterol and triglycerides. (a) Boxplots of total cholesterol in chimpanzees (adult human reference values: Hadza, 115 mg dl⁻¹; Tsimane, 153 mg dl⁻¹; Shuar, 153 mg dl⁻¹; USA, 211 mg dl⁻¹; dashed line indicates human cardiac risk threshold: over 240 mg dl⁻¹). (b) Estimates of age-related changes in adult cholesterol. (c) Boxplots of triglycerides in chimpanzees (human reference values: Hadza, 80 mg dl⁻¹; Tsimane, 106 mg dl⁻¹; Shuar, 131 mg dl⁻¹; USA, 105 mg dl⁻¹; dashed line indicates human cardiac risk threshold: over 200 mg dl⁻¹). (d) Estimates of age-related changes in adult triglycerides. Boxplots cluster data by age cohort and facility; line indicates group median; whiskers reflect inter-quartile range; dots indicate outliers. In estimate plots, ribbons indicate 95% confidence interval estimates from model accounting for individual identity, sex, age and facility and are truncated at the age range represented for each site. Human values reported in ref. [3] Hadza, [5]; Tsimane, [4]; Shuar, [14]; USA, [32]. Risk thresholds are from the National Cholesterol Education Program [51], following Raichlen et al. [5]. (Online version in colour.)