TABLE 5.
Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal adenoma according to total sugar intake stratified by smoking, drinking, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and gender
| Quartile category | P trend | P int. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | |||
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 68/77 | 85/93 | 80/90 | 98/101 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.01 (0.64‐1.60) | 1.04 (0.63‐1.72) | 1.18 (0.69‐2.00) | .52 | |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.66‐1.66) | 1.07 (0.65‐1.78) | 1.20 (0.70‐2.05) | .49 | |
| Past/current | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 135/97 | 89/81 | 102/84 | 81/74 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.91 (0.60‐1.40) | 1.11 (0.70‐1.76) | 1.27 (0.73‐2.18) | .38 | .66 |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.96 (0.62‐1.49) | 1.14 (0.72‐1.82) | 1.26 (0.73‐2.18) | .35 | .64 |
| Drinking status | ||||||
| Never | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 23/33 | 29/41 | 50/48 | 60/53 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.49‐2.20) | 1.67 (0.81‐3.42) | 1.64 (0.76‐3.52) | .11 | |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.08 (0.51‐2.30) | 1.70 (0.83‐3.52) | 1.62 (0.75‐3.50) | .13 | |
| Past/current | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 180/141 | 145/133 | 132/126 | 119/122 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.69‐1.39) | 0.94 (0.64‐1.38) | 1.01 (0.65‐1.56) | .97 | .03 |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.03 (0.72‐1.46) | 0.96 (0.65‐1.42) | 1.02 (0.66‐1.58) | .99 | .04 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| ≤25 | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 147/136 | 126/142 | 136/129 | 113/143 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.92 (0.64‐1.35) | 1.14 (0.77‐1.68) | 0.92 (0.59‐1.43) | .97 | |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.96 (0.67‐1.37) | 1.20 (0.81‐1.79) | 0.97 (0.62‐1.51) | .84 | |
| >25 | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 56/38 | 48/32 | 46/45 | 66/32 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.25 (0.64‐2.42) | 0.93 (0.46‐1.85) | 2.16 (0.99‐4.69) | .11 | .13 |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.26 (0.65‐2.44) | 0.92 (0.46‐1.85) | 2.16 (0.99‐4.71) | .11 | .15 |
| Physical activity (MET‐hours/d) | ||||||
| ≤Median | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 110/84 | 94/83 | 92/86 | 83/83 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.03 (0.66‐1.60) | 1.04 (0.65‐1.66) | 1.09 (0.65‐1.85) | .75 | |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.04 (0.67‐1.61) | 1.03 (0.64‐1.65) | 1.06 (0.62‐1.80) | .86 | |
| >Median | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 93/90 | 80/91 | 90/88 | 96/92 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.93 (0.59‐1.47) | 1.16 (0.71‐1.91) | 1.30 (0.75‐2.27) | .25 | .18 |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.98 (0.62‐1.56) | 1.20 (0.73‐1.97) | 1.35 (0.77‐2.37) | .23 | .20 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 143/113 | 117/113 | 129/113 | 109/114 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.92 (0.63‐1.35) | 1.06 (0.70‐1.60) | 1.00 (0.62‐1.62) | .85 | |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 0.96 (0.65‐1.42) | 1.08 (0.71‐1.64) | 1.00 (0.62‐1.63) | .87 | |
| Female | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 60/61 | 57/61 | 53/61 | 70/61 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.05 (0.60‐1.84) | 1.04 (0.57‐1.90) | 1.45 (0.77‐2.75) | .26 | .55 |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.10 (0.63‐1.94) | 1.10 (0.60‐2.03) | 1.54 (0.80‐2.94) | .20 | .52 |
| DM history | ||||||
| Absence | ||||||
| Case/controls (n) | 175/159 | 162/163 | 166/165 | 160/163 | ||
| OR (95% CI) 1 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.00 (0.72‐1.39) | 1.05 (0.74‐1.50) | 1.14 (0.77‐1.69) | .49 | |
| OR (95% CI) 2 | 1.00 (Ref.) | 1.02 (0.73‐1.41) | 1.05 (0.74‐1.50) | 1.12 (0.75‐1.66) | .57 | |
Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, screening period, physical activity, smoking status, alcohol use, family history of colorectal cancer, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use, intake of total calories, fiber, and calcium. Model 2: Further adjusted for BMI and diabetes history.
Abbreviations: DM, diabetes mellitus; MET, metabolic equivalent; P int, P values for interaction; Ref., reference.