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. 2020;25(7):606–616. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-25.7.606

Table 4.

Cox Proportional Hazards Models Relating Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics With Development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

Parameter Crude HR (95% CI) p value* Adjusted HR (95% CI) p value*
Maternal age, yr
 <20 Reference
 20–24 9.34 (1.25, 69.46) 0.029 11.24 (1.34, 94.29) 0.026
 25–29 10.28 (1.37, 77.34) 0.024 16.92 (1.80, 158.85) 0.013
 ≥30 5.45 (0.74, 40.40) 0.097 7.70 (0.87, 66.85) 0.064
Cumulative INDO dose, mg
 <125 Reference
 125–199 1.11 (0.50, 2.48) 0.793 1.15 (0.37, 3.57) 0.809
 200–299 0.95 (0.46, 1.97) 0.887 1.79 (0.69, 4.65) 0.229
 ≥300 0.65 (0.34, 1.25) 0.198 0.76 (0.33, 1.76) 0.521
Time from last INDO dose to delivery, hr
 >48 Reference
 24–48 1.23 (0.55, 2.77) 0.611 1.60 (1.28, 1.94) 0.036
 <24 1.33 (0.77, 2.29) 0.301 2.33 (1.17, 4.64) 0.016
Chronic hypertension/preeclampsia 0.32 (0.08, 1.31) 0.112 0.18 (0.03, 1.01) 0.051
Cesarean delivery 0.94 (0.57. 1.54) 0.802 0.88 (0.49, 1.58) 0.669
Gestational age, wk
 <25 6.34 (2.52, 15.95) <0.001 0.63 (0.12, 3.38) 0.593
 25–28 4.60 (2.46, 8.59) <0.001 1.54 (0.49, 4.82) 0.460
 >28 Reference
Birth weight, g
 <1000 7.73 (3.58, 16.70) <0.001 4.21 (0.98, 18.10) 0.053
 1000–1500 2.06 (0.89, 4.78) 0.092 1.03 (0.33, 3.24) 0.963
 >1500 Reference
Sex (male vs female) 1.11 (0.65, 1.89) 0.698 1.32 (0.72, 2.43) 0.375
Race (non-black vs black) 1.05 (0.63, 1.77) 0.846 0.92 (0.49, 1.75) 0.805
5-minute Apgar score (4–6 vs 7–9) 1.79 (0.97, 3.31) 0.062 0.69 (0.31, 1.56) 0.376
NSAIDs (any use) 3.49 (2.11, 5.79) <0.001 0.63 (0.21, 1.92) 0.416
 INDO prophylactic 2.39 (1.03, 5.57) 0.043 0.83 (0.26, 2.68) 0.753
 NSAID treatment 4.42 (2.66, 7.34) <0.001 2.80 (1.03, 7.61) 0.044
Inotropes 4.54 (2.68, 7.68) <0.001 2.25 (0.91, 5.59) 0.078
Gentamicin 2.07 (0.65, 6.60) 0.219 1.51 (0.41, 5.58) 0.535
Vancomycin 0.42 (0.13, 1.34) 0.144 0.43 (0.11, 1.64) 0.214
Severe IVH 2.25 (0.90, 5.62) 0.083 0.43 (0.11, 1.67) 0.221
Patent ductus arteriosus 3.66 (2.21, 6.08) <0.001 4.04 (1.27, 12.89) 0.018
Bloodstream infection 2.81 (1.52, 5.20) 0.001 3.01 (1.37, 6.60) 0.006

HR, hazard ratio; INDO, indomethacin; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage

* INDO prophylactic and NSAIDs treatment were fit in separate models.

Values are statistically significant.