Table 4.
Cox Proportional Hazards Models Relating Maternal and Neonatal Characteristics With Development of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
| Parameter | Crude HR (95% CI) | p value* | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal age, yr | ||||||
| <20 | Reference | |||||
| 20–24 | 9.34 (1.25, 69.46) | 0.029† | 11.24 (1.34, 94.29) | 0.026† | ||
| 25–29 | 10.28 (1.37, 77.34) | 0.024† | 16.92 (1.80, 158.85) | 0.013† | ||
| ≥30 | 5.45 (0.74, 40.40) | 0.097 | 7.70 (0.87, 66.85) | 0.064 | ||
| Cumulative INDO dose, mg | ||||||
| <125 | Reference | |||||
| 125–199 | 1.11 (0.50, 2.48) | 0.793 | 1.15 (0.37, 3.57) | 0.809 | ||
| 200–299 | 0.95 (0.46, 1.97) | 0.887 | 1.79 (0.69, 4.65) | 0.229 | ||
| ≥300 | 0.65 (0.34, 1.25) | 0.198 | 0.76 (0.33, 1.76) | 0.521 | ||
| Time from last INDO dose to delivery, hr | ||||||
| >48 | Reference | |||||
| 24–48 | 1.23 (0.55, 2.77) | 0.611 | 1.60 (1.28, 1.94) | 0.036† | ||
| <24 | 1.33 (0.77, 2.29) | 0.301 | 2.33 (1.17, 4.64) | 0.016† | ||
| Chronic hypertension/preeclampsia | 0.32 (0.08, 1.31) | 0.112 | 0.18 (0.03, 1.01) | 0.051 | ||
| Cesarean delivery | 0.94 (0.57. 1.54) | 0.802 | 0.88 (0.49, 1.58) | 0.669 | ||
| Gestational age, wk | ||||||
| <25 | 6.34 (2.52, 15.95) | <0.001† | 0.63 (0.12, 3.38) | 0.593 | ||
| 25–28 | 4.60 (2.46, 8.59) | <0.001† | 1.54 (0.49, 4.82) | 0.460 | ||
| >28 | Reference | |||||
| Birth weight, g | ||||||
| <1000 | 7.73 (3.58, 16.70) | <0.001† | 4.21 (0.98, 18.10) | 0.053 | ||
| 1000–1500 | 2.06 (0.89, 4.78) | 0.092 | 1.03 (0.33, 3.24) | 0.963 | ||
| >1500 | Reference | |||||
| Sex (male vs female) | 1.11 (0.65, 1.89) | 0.698 | 1.32 (0.72, 2.43) | 0.375 | ||
| Race (non-black vs black) | 1.05 (0.63, 1.77) | 0.846 | 0.92 (0.49, 1.75) | 0.805 | ||
| 5-minute Apgar score (4–6 vs 7–9) | 1.79 (0.97, 3.31) | 0.062 | 0.69 (0.31, 1.56) | 0.376 | ||
| NSAIDs (any use) | 3.49 (2.11, 5.79) | <0.001† | 0.63 (0.21, 1.92) | 0.416 | ||
| INDO prophylactic | 2.39 (1.03, 5.57) | 0.043† | 0.83 (0.26, 2.68) | 0.753 | ||
| NSAID treatment | 4.42 (2.66, 7.34) | <0.001† | 2.80 (1.03, 7.61) | 0.044† | ||
| Inotropes | 4.54 (2.68, 7.68) | <0.001† | 2.25 (0.91, 5.59) | 0.078 | ||
| Gentamicin | 2.07 (0.65, 6.60) | 0.219 | 1.51 (0.41, 5.58) | 0.535 | ||
| Vancomycin | 0.42 (0.13, 1.34) | 0.144 | 0.43 (0.11, 1.64) | 0.214 | ||
| Severe IVH | 2.25 (0.90, 5.62) | 0.083 | 0.43 (0.11, 1.67) | 0.221 | ||
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 3.66 (2.21, 6.08) | <0.001† | 4.04 (1.27, 12.89) | 0.018† | ||
| Bloodstream infection | 2.81 (1.52, 5.20) | 0.001† | 3.01 (1.37, 6.60) | 0.006† | ||
HR, hazard ratio; INDO, indomethacin; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage
* INDO prophylactic and NSAIDs treatment were fit in separate models.
† Values are statistically significant.